黃斑綠菇(學名:Russula crustosa),俗稱硬皮紅菇(crusty russula),是一種擔子菌門真菌,隸屬於俗稱脆褶(Brittlegill)的紅菇屬。[1]這種真菌廣泛地分佈於亞洲和北美洲,呈綠色,且是一種受歡迎的食材。
藍黃紅菇最早是由美國真菌學家查爾斯·霍頓·佩克於1886年描述的,其學名即為現名。[2][3]其學名中的「crustosa」源自拉丁文,意思是「有著果皮」。[4]而其俗稱則包括「硬皮紅菇」[5]、「綠被子紅菇」和“綴滿紅菇”。[6]
黃斑綠菇的菌蓋直徑約為 5–12.5厘米(2–4.9英寸),呈綠色,且白色的邊緣上有著綠色的斑塊。[7]起初呈凸面狀,但隨著年齡增加會漸漸變成扁平狀或更陷狀。其菌柄高3–9厘米(2–4.9英寸),厚1.2–2.5厘米(0.5–1英寸),穩固,呈白色或淡黃色,且隨著年齡增加會變成空心的。[8]其菌褶呈白色、奶油色或淡黃色,它們之間的間距不大,且子實層是自由下垂的。其孢子印呈白色,而其擔孢子的大小則為6–9 x 5.5–7微米。[5]其菌肉並沒有任何氣味,且有著溫和的味道。[5]
變綠紅菇(Russula virescens)與黃斑綠菇相似,且經常被人混淆,迄今未有明確定論。[5]
黃斑綠菇廣泛地分佈於亞洲和北美洲,並且主要在闊葉林和混合林中出現。這種真菌通常在闊葉樹下生長,尤以橡木[5]和山核桃為最。[4]這種真菌是以外生菌根的方或依附著闊葉樹生長,且主要在6月和12月期間出現。[5]大蕈蟲科的棱角大蕈蟲會進食這種真菌的子實體。[9]
在北美洲,這種真菌非常常見,且廣泛地分佈在美國東南部。[10]在亞洲,多個國家有這種真菌出現的紀錄,其中包括中國[11]、印度[12]、馬來西亞[13]和泰國。[14]
黃斑綠菇味道溫和而可口,且較為常見,因此成為一種受歡迎的食材。[15]
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- ^ Peck CH. Report of the Botanist (1885). Annual Report on the New York State Museum of Natural History. 1886, 39: 30–73 (see p. 41) [2013-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2013-11-02).
- ^ Russula crustosa - MycoBank. [2013-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-31).
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- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Bessette AE, Roody WC, Bessette AR. Mushrooms of the Southeastern United States. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. 2007: 192 [2013-11-24]. ISBN 978-0815631125. (原始内容存档于2013-12-31).
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- ^ Russula crustosa - MushroomExpert. [2013-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12).
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- ^ Buyck B. Provisional key to subsection Virescentinae in the U.S.. Russulales News. 2010-12-27 [2013-10-23]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-16).
- ^ Chen XH, Zhou HB, Qiu GZ. Analysis of several heavy metals in wild edible mushrooms from regions of China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2009, 83 (2): 280–5. doi:10.1007/s00128-009-9767-8.
- ^ Bhatt RP, Lakhanpal TN. Russula crutosa Peck– an addition to Indian edible mushrooms. Current Science. 1988, 57 (10): 560–1. ISSN 0011-3891.
- ^ Watling R, Lee SS, Turnbull E. The occurrence and distribution of putative ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycetes in a regenerating south-east Asian rainforest. Watling R, Frankland JC, Ainsworth AM, Isaac S, Robinson CH. (编). Tropical Mycology: Macromycetes 1. CAB International. 2002: 30 [2013-11-24]. ISBN 978-0-85199-793-3. (原始内容存档于2014-01-01).
- ^ Phosri C, Põlmi S, Taylor AFS, Kõljalg U, Suwannasai N, Tedersoo L. Diversity and community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a dry deciduous dipterocarp forest in Thailand. Biodiversity Conservation. 2012, 21 (9): 2287–98. doi:10.1007/s10531-012-0250-1.
- ^ Rogers Mushrooms - Russula crustosa Mushroom 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2013-12-03.