Ukwenza amasoseji
Imvelaphi yokulondolozwa kwenyama yalahleka kudala kodwa cishe yaqala lapho abantu beqala ukubona ukubaluleka kokulondoloza usawoti.Ukwenza amasoseji kwasungulwa njengendlela yokugcina nokuthutha inyama .Imiphakathi yasendulo yafunda ukuthi amajikijolo omisiwe nezinongo kwakunganezelwa enyameni eyomisiwe. Inqubo ye ukugxusha inyama ku casings uhlala ngokuyisisekelo elifanayo namuhla, kodwa zokupheka isoseji ziye elicwengisiswe kakhulu futhi ukwenza isoseji isibe ohlonishwa kakhulu ubuciko Culinary. [1]
Amasoseji atholakala ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: amasha futhi alashiwe.Amasoseji aphulukisiwe angase aphekwe noma omisiwe.Ayi abaningi belashwa kuthiwa ngibhema, kodwa lokhu akuyona impoqo. Inqubo yokwelapha ngokwayo ishintsha inyama futhi inikeze ukunambitheka kwayo.isibonelo umehluko wokunambitha phakathi kwenyama yengulube nenyama yengulube .
Wonke amasoseji abhemayo eselaphekile. Isizathu siwusongo lwe- botulism . I-bacterium enesibopho, i- Clostridium botulinum, itholakala yonke indawo emvelweni, ikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ze -anaerobic ezidalwe ngaphakathi kwesoseji, futhi ikhula kahle izinga lokushisa elivamile endlini yentuthu kanye nesitoreji se-ambient esilandelayo. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, amasoseji aphulukiswa ngaphambi kokubhema.
Izinhlobo zamasoseji nokugcinwa kwazo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]| Ukwahlukanisa | Izibonelo | Isitoreji Nokuphatha |
|---|---|---|
| Isoseji isesimweni esihle | I-sausage yengulube entsha | Kugcine engxenyeni engabandi kakhulu yesiqandisi. Pheka i-bratwurst, i-bockwurst kahle ngaphambi kokudla. Yidla phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 noma yiqhwa |
| Isoseji elingaphekiwe elingaphekiwe | Ukubhema, isitayela sezwe, i-mettwurst, i-keilbasa. | Kugcine engxenyeni engabandi kakhulu yesiqandisi. Pheka kahle ngaphambi kokudla. Yidla phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-7 noma yiqhwa. |
| Amasoseji aphekiwe | Frankfurter, bologna, cotto salami | Kugcine engxenyeni engabandi kakhulu yesiqandisi. Yidla phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-7 zokuvula iphakheji ye-vacuum |
| Isoseji elomile | Genoa salami, pepperoni | Ayidingi isiqandisi. |
| Isoseji le-Semidry | I-Lebanon bologna, i-cervelot, isobho lasehlobo, i-thuringer | Ukuze uthole ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu, gcina isiqandisi. |
| Okuphekwe inyama okukhethekile | Izinkwa, ushizi wekhanda, i-scrapple | Kugcine engxenyeni engabandi kakhulu yesiqandisi. Yidla phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 ngemuva kokuvula iphakheji ye-vacuum |
Amasoseji amasha
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Amasoseji amasha ayinyama egayiwe ephekwe ngaphambi kokuphakelwa.Amasoseji amasha ngokuvamile awasebenzisi ikhambi (Prague powder #1) nakuba ukwelapha kungasetshenziswa uma uthanda.Ngaphezu kwalokho amasoseji amasha awasebenzisi izinambitheka zentuthu, nakuba intuthu ewuketshezi ingasetshenziswa. Amasoseji amasha awabhenywa kumuntu obhemayo obandayo ngenxa yengozi ye- botulism.
Izinongo eziyinhloko kumasoseji amasha usawoti kanye noshukela kanye namakhambi amnandi nezinongo ezihlukahlukene, futhi ngokuvamile imifino, kuhlanganise no-anyanisi nesweli.
Isoseji elisha laseBrithani ngokuvamile liqukethe cishe u-10% we- butcher rusk, u-10% wamanzi, u-2.5% wezinongo, kanye no-77.5% wenyama.Lapho kudayiswa khona, amasoseji aseBrithani azovame ukulebulwa ngokuthi "okuqukethwe kwenyama yangempela X%".Njengoba inyama ingaba namafutha noma inomzimba omncane, i-X% ibalwa kusetshenziswa amathebula ereferensi ngenhloso yokunikeza ukumeleleka okuhle kokuqukethwe kwenyama "ethambile" ebonakalayo.
Amasoseji aphekiwe aphekiwe
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Amasoseji aphulukisiwe ahlukile kumasoseji amasha ngokufaka amathisipuni amabili okwelapha (impushana yasePrague #1) kwayi-10 amakhilogremu omkhiqizo ophelile.Lokhu kuvame ukutolikwa ngabayi-10 amakhilogremu enyama. Lokhu kusebenza ku-4 ama-ounces wokwelapha angu-100 amakhilogremu amasoseji.
Okulandelayo umkhiqizo ngokuvamile uyashisa. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela efanayo ingafinyelelwa ngokufaka intuthu yoketshezi ku-iresiphi.Amazinga okushisa okubhema ayahluka futhi ngokuvamile angaphans.Ezingeni lokushisa elingu-152 °F (67 °C) lamasoseji asephekwe ngokugcwele.
Kwezinye izimo kusetshenziswa intuthu ebandayo. Uma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi isoseji ibiphekwe ngaphambilini emanzini okugeza aphethwe endaweni yokushisa efanele. Isibonelo sale nqubo ukulungiswa kwe- Braunschweiger . Kulesi sitayela sesoseji, ngemuva kokugxusha hog buns noma ama-fiberous casings, isoseji licwiliswa amanzi 2 kuya amahora kuze kufike izinga lokushisa langaphakathi . Kuleli qophelo isoseji kufanele lifakwe emanzini eqhwa, bese kubanda libhenywe ekushiseni amahora angu-2-3.
Amasoseji omile aphulukisiwe
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Amasoseji omile aphekiwe alungiswa ngendlela efana namasoseji aphekiwe aphekiwe. Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi i-Prague powder #2 izosetshenziswa esikhundleni se-Prague powder #1.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kusetshenziswe inyama eqinisekisiwe.Njengoba le mikhiqizo ingashisiswa kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elingabulala ama-trichinella parasites, kuyadingeka ukufeza lokhu ngezinye izindlela.Indlela evamile yikuqandisa. Ingulube ingase inikezwe ukuthi yamukeleke ukuthi isetshenziswe kumasoseji omile ngokuyiqandisa.
Imithethonqubo ethile iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Zincike ekushubeni kokusikeka kwenyama, indlela yokupakisha, nezinye izici.Ukwengeza kunezidingo eziqondile kakhulu mayelana nezikhathi emakamelweni okomisa kanye namazinga okushisa emakamelweni entuthu.
Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi ikhishi elincane lamasoseji noma umuntu wokuzilibazisa akhiqize amasoseji omile apholile, kudingeka ulwazi oluningi lwezobuchwepheshe. Kungenjalo, ingulube eqinisekisiwe ingamane ithengwe.
Izisetshenziswa
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Izisetshenziswa zincike esikalini, umshini wokugaya omncane wasekhaya kanye namanye amathuluzi okulinganisa ayisisekelo angase abe yikho konke okudingekayo.Emsebenzini wokuhweba ngezinga elikhulu, kuyodingeka imishini yevolumu ephezulu.
Kuthathwa njengezingcezu ezintathu zemishini ebaluleke kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lingakanani isoseji elenziwayo ithermometer enembile, isikali esilinganisiwe, kanye nomshini wokugaya inyama.Amasoseji abhenyiweyo noma abhemayo/aphekiwe adinga umuntu obhemayo (amaqoqo amancane) noma indawo yokudayisa.Amasoseji aphekiwe ohlobo lwe-emulsion, njenge-frankfurters noma i-bologna, asebenzisa i-chopper yesitsha ukuze enze inhlama yenyama egaywe kahle efakwa emabhokisini bese iphekwa noma ibhenywe.
Inyama nezinye izithako
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]A ezihlukahlukene inyama fresh lingasetshenziswa ngokwenza amasosishi ezivamile bavela yenkomo, inyama yengulube, iwundlu, inkukhu, Turkey, futhi umdlalo. Inyama kufanele ibe yintsha, isezingeni eliphezulu, ibe nenani elifanele le-lean-to-fat kanye nezimfanelo ezinhle zokubopha. Inyama akufanele ingcoliswe amagciwane noma amanye ama-microorganisms.Ukuhlanganisa izinongo nezinongo ngamanani ahambisanayo kubalulekile.
Ukwelapha usawoti
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ukwenza amasoseji omile kuhilela ukuphulukisa usawoti, aqukethe i- sodium nitrite ne- sodium nitrate.Ama-nitrites asetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamasoseji futhi avame kakhulu. Ama-nitrate asetshenziswa kuphela ekulungiseleleni isitayela esomile esiphulukisiwe samasoseji.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ama-nitrate aguqulwa abe ama-nitrites ngamabhaktheriya angapheli noma angeziwe.
Isimiso sokugaya ukudla komuntu sikhiqiza ama-nitrites, okucatshangwa ukuthi yilokho okuvimbela i- botulism, eyayizophumelela ezimweni ze- anaerobic kanye nobubanzi bokushisa besistimu yokugaya ( gut ).
Imikhiqizo yenyama eselashiwe ngokuvamile iqukethe ngaphansi kwama-40 ppm nitrites.
Izengezo ze-Potassium nitrite ne- potassium nitrate zivumela ukukhiqizwa kwamasoseji anamazinga aphansi e-sodium.Uma usebenzisa ifomu le-potassium, kuyadingeka ukufaka ezinye izithako ukuze ufihle ama-flavour ababayo anikezayo. Izindlela zokupheka ezindala zisebenzisa i- saltpetre enganconywa . Isizathu esiyinhloko siwukuthi ngokuvamile lezi zokupheka ezindala ziqukethe izithako ezokwelapha izikhathi eziningi kunalokho ezifanele. Amasu esimanje atholakala kalula futhi enza umsebenzi ongcono kakhulu.
Embonini yesoseji ama-nitrites kanye nama-nitrate akhiwa ngaphambilini abe yimikhiqizo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Prague powder #1 kanye ne-Prague powder #2. I-Prague powder #1 iqukethe u-6.25% we-sodium nitrite kanye ne-93.75% ye-sodium chloride futhi isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwazo zonke izinyama namasoseji eselashiwe ngaphandle kohlobo olomile.Iprague powder #2 iqukethe 1 i-ounce ye-sodium nitrite (6.25%) kanye ne-0.64 ama-ounces sodium nitrate (4.0%) ngephawundi ngalinye lomkhiqizo oqediwe (okusele okungu-14.36 ama-ounces yi-sodium chloride) futhi isetshenziselwa ukulungisa amasoseji omile eselashiwe. I-Prague powder #2 akufanele neze isetshenziswe kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizo ozothoswa ekushiseni okuphezulu (isib. ubhekeni ) ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwama- nitrosamines.
Uma usebenzisa ikhambi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungalokothi udlule inani elinconyiwe elingu-2.5 amagremu e-Prague powder # 1 ku-1 kilogram yenyama (ama-ounces angu-4/100 amakhilogremu).Ngokulinganayo lokhu kungu-10 mL ku-4.5 kg (2 amathisipuni 10 amapondo).Qaphela ukuthi inani eliphakeme elivumelekile le-sodium nitrite ne-potassium nitrite lilawulwa yimithetho futhi likhawulelwe ku-7. amagremu ngama-45 kg (0.25 ama-ounces nge-100 pounds) yenyama eqotshiwe.Njengoba i-Prague powder #1 iyi-dilution engu-1:15 (ku-0.45 kg ye-Prague powder #1 30 amagremu yi-sodium nitrite kanye nama-425 amagremu angusawoti wetafula ovamile), sithola inani elifanele ngenani elingu-114 amagremu engezwe ku- 45 kilograms (Template:Convert/lb) yenyama.
I-sodium nitrate ne-potassium nitrate ilinganiselwe ku-1.7 igremu ngekhilogremu (ama-ounces angu-2.75 ngamakhilogremu angu-100).
I-sodium ne-potassium nitrite inobuthi impela kubantu futhi umthamo obulalayo ucishe ube ngu-4 amagremu. Kancane kancane njengoba 22 mg/kg wesisindo somzimba ungadala ukufa.Lokhu cishe ku-2.2 amagremu wesisindo somzimba esiyi-100 kg.Ngakho, kukhona i-sodium nitrite eyanele ku-2 ama-ounces e-Prague powder # 1 ukubulala umuntu.
I-Morton's Tenderquick igama lomkhiqizo lenye ukwakheka kwe-sodium nitrite, enosawoti kanye noshukela. Akukhona ukugxila okufanayo njengokuthi "Prague powder #1 noma #2".Njengoba isiqiniseko mayelana nenani le-nitrite elikhona eresiphi libalulekile ekuphepheni, umuntu akanakuthatha iresiphi eyenzelwe impushana yasePrague futhi amane afake esikhundleni senani lemikhiqizo efana ne-Morton's Tenderquick.Ukwenza kanjalo kungadala ingozi ye-botulism. Ngokufanayo, umuntu akakwazi ukufaka i-Prague powder #1 esikhundleni se-Morton's Tenderquick. Kunoma yikuphi ukushintshwa okunjalo, umuntu kufanele abale inani eliqondile le-nitrite elidingekayo futhi enze izinguquko ezifanele.
Qaphela: Isilinganiso sevolumu nesisindo sisebenza kumakhambi nezinongo kuphela.Lokhu akubonisi neze inani elithile leresiphi enikeziwe.
Isiko
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ukwenziwa kwamasoseji kwesinye isikhathi kubhekwa njengokungcolile esikweni elibanzi.Kukhona izisho ezivamile njengokuthi "indlela isoseji lenziwa ngayo" ukubhekisela enqubweni omunye umuntu angase angayazi yonke imininingwane ye-gory.Lo mugqa wokucaphuna uvela kumbongi waseMelika uJohn Godfrey Saxe, owathi "Imithetho, njengamasoseji, iyayeka ukukhuthaza inhlonipho ngokulingana njengoba sazi ukuthi yenziwa kanjani" (1869).