Wiki Article
-den language
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| -den | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Peru |
| Region | Department of Cajamarca |
| Ethnicity | Guzmango |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
unclassified (Hibito–Cholon?) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | None |
 -den | |
A virtually unknown and extinct Indigenous language of Peru, formerly spoken in Cajamarca Department, is referred to as -den from its characteristic toponym (also as -don, -ten, -ton, -din, -tin). It is known from only three words and is associated with the kingdom of Cuismancu (Guzmango), centred in the province of Contumazá.[1] It may have been related to the Hibito–Cholon languages,[2] and may even be identical to other such languages of the region known solely from their distinctive toponyms such as Chachapoya.[3]
Vocabulary
[edit]Three words found in a document commissioned by a member of the Cuismancu royal family are attributed to the -den language by Alfredo Torero. These words are nus 'lady', losque 'young girl', and mizo 'female servant'.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Adelaar, Willem F. H.; Muysken, Pieter (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge (G.B.): Cambridge University press. p. 405. ISBN 978-0-521-36275-7.
- ^ Urban, Matthias (2021). "Cholón and the linguistic prehistory of Northern Peru: triangulating toponymy, substrate lexis, and areal typology". Linguistic Discovery. 17 (1). doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.513. ISSN 1537-0852.
- ^ Urban, Matthias (2024-12-31), Urban, Matthias (ed.), "Small and extinct languages of Northern Peru", The Oxford Guide to the Languages of the Central Andes (1 ed.), Oxford University PressOxford, pp. 419–437, doi:10.1093/oso/9780198849926.003.0014, ISBN 978-0-19-884992-6, retrieved 2026-02-02
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