Bản mẫu này sử dụng Lua: |
The harv ("Harvard citation") template creates a short-cite in the form of "(Smith 2007, p. 22)", such as might be used in a "parenthetical" system of citation.
The Harv family of templates are used for creating short-cites (or "short citations"), typically used as in-line citations, that link to the full citation (with the full bibliographic details) for a source. This enables a source to be cited multiple times, with each short-cite having an in-source specification (such as a page number) and any other details or comments pertinent to that specific instance. This functionality eliminates the need for replicating notes with "named-refs" (the "<ref name= ...>" construct).
The sfn—"shortened footnote"—templates create notes (footnotes) containing harv templates.
Note that the use (or even non-use) of these templates is an element of citation "style", and adding or removing them in articles with an established style should be consistent with that style. See WP:CITEVAR.
In its default mode harv generates an "author-date" style short-cite from the following parameters:
{{ harv | <last1*> | <last2> | <last3> | <last4> | <year*> | p= <page> | loc= <location> }}
with
|p=
– specific page referenced in the source|pp=
– comma separated list of individual pages and / or range(s) of pages referenced in the source|loc=
– in-source location when |p=
and |pp=
are inappropriate; may be used to supplement |p=
and |pp=
; information such as a section or figure number.harv follows the standard convention that a list of four author names is reduced to the name of the first author followed by "et al." (Latin for "and others"). Where two or more short-cites have the same author(s) and year, but refer to different citations, a lowercase letter can be appended to <year> to disambiguate them. (E.g.: {{ harv | Smith | 2000a}}
; {{ harv | Smith | 2000b}}
).
To link to a full citation, the author(s) and year must match those used in the cite or citation template. The {{chú thích}} template automatically generates the proper "author-date" anchor. The {{cite xxx}} family of templates do not do this unless |ref=harv
is added.
This template can be placed in the text if so desired, but most commonly is placed inside a note (that is, between <ref>...</ref>
tags). Additional information, comments, and even other short-cites can be placed in the same note.
While harv requires an initial string of text, there is no requirement that it be a "proper" name. This permits some useful alternatives in the following form:
{{ harv | <identifying text*> | <year*> | p= <page> | loc= <location> }}
When citing newspaper articles the name of the newspaper is often considered more important than the actual authors (which often are not identified), and it is also conventional bibliographic practice that newspaper articles are listed chronologically under the name of the newspaper. Also, for daily or weekly publications a more precise date is usually required. In such cases a valid short-cite might be:
This is generated with the following template:
{{harvnb|Los Angeles Times, July 4,|2019}}
.The anchor for the link is given to the {{chú thích}} or the Bản mẫu:Cite xxx template using a {{harvid}} template in a |ref=
parameter. In this case that would look like:
|ref={{harvid|Los Angeles Times, July 4,|2019}}
The harvid template should be given exactly the same identifying text and year as used in the harv template.
The Assessment Reviews of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) consist of multiple reports with many independently authored (and therefore separately cited) chapters. In such cases, where "Smith et al. 2014" could refer to either chapter 11 ("Human Health") in the report of Working Group II in the fifth review, or to chapter 11 {"Agriculture") in the report of Working Group III in the fifth review, the "author-date" form is inadequate; an indexed form of short-cite, such as
is more meaningful, and handier to use and keep track of. This is generated with:
{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch11|2014|p= 741|loc= FAQ 11.1}}
.For both {citation} and {cite} templates the anchor is specified with:
|ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch11|2014}}
Other examples of alternative ways to use Harv templates can be seen at Global Warming.
{{harv | last name(s) of author(s) | year | p=page number
hoặc pp=page range
hoặc loc=other location}}
Last names of editors can be used, if no authors are given, as author names are given precedence.
Nếu có nhiều hơn bốn tác giả, hãy cắt bớt danh sách thành bốn người đầu tiên.
In the references section (or in an earlier footnote):
{{chú thích sách
hoặc chú thích tạp chí
, etc | ref=harv
| ... other appropriate parameters ... }}
hoặc
{{chú thích |
... other appropriate parameters ... }}
(|ref=harv
is not required when using {{chú thích}}
).Up to four authors can be given as parameters. (If there are more than four authors only the first four should be listed. Xem § Số lượng lớn của các tác giả, dưới đây.) The last required parameter is the year of publication.
(All these examples have links which operate. Click on highlighted text.)
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
{{harv|Smith|2005|p=25}} |
(Smith 2005, tr. 25) |
{{harv|Smith|Jones|2005|p=25}} |
(Smith & Jones 2005, tr. 25) |
{{harv|Smith|Jones|Brown|2005|p=25}} |
(Smith, Jones & Brown 2005, tr. 25) |
{{harv|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|2005|p=25}} |
(Smith và đồng nghiệp 2005, tr. 25) |
The optional parameters |p=
, |pp=
and |loc=
can be used to indicate the location in the source. All of the Harvard citation templates use the same parameters to indicate page numbers or other locations in the text. For single pages, use |p=
; and for multiple pages (such as ranges), use |pp=
. Use of |p=
for multiple pages or |pp=
for single pages can cause cite errors.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
{{harv|Smith|2005|p=25}} |
(Smith 2005, tr. 25) |
{{harv|Smith|2005|pp=25–26}} |
(Smith 2005, tr. 25–26) |
{{harv|Smith|2005|loc=chpt. 3}} |
(Smith 2005, chpt. 3) |
{{harv|Smith|2005|loc=section 7}} |
(Smith 2005, section 7) |
The optional parameter |ref=
is used to specify the reference value that links the short citation to the full citation. This parameter is usually not necessary and it is more common to use {{sfnRef}}
hoặc {{harvid}}
in the reference section. If you specify |ref=none
no hyperlink is created. Note that, if one does not want the link, it is always possible to simply not use the template. (Not available in {{sfn}}
and similar templates.)
Các tham số |page=
|pages=
và |Ref=
tồn tại là bí danh cho |p=
|pp=
và |ref=
tương ứng.
There are several templates used to create in-text citations; they differ in the use and placement of parenthesis, in the separator before the page or location and in whether a terminal full stop (period) is present:
Bản mẫu | Bí danh | Ví dụ |
---|---|---|
{{Harvard citation no brackets}} |
{{harvnb}} |
Smith 2006, tr. 25 |
{{Harvard citation}} |
{{harv}} |
(Smith 2006, tr. 25) |
{{Harvard citation text}} |
{{harvtxt}} |
Smith (2006, tr. 25) |
{{Harvcoltxt}} |
Smith (2006:25) | |
{{Harvcol}} |
(Smith 2006:25) | |
{{Harvcolnb}} |
Smith 2006:25 | |
{{Harvard citations}} |
({{harvs}} ) |
John Smith (2006, 2007) (and many other forms). |
{{Harvp}} |
Smith (2006), tr. 25 | |
{{Shortened footnote template}} |
{{sfn}} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
|
{{Sfnp}} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
| |
{{Sfnm}} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
| |
{{Sfnmp}} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
|
Các chú thích đầy đủ có thể được tạo bằng tay hoặc bằng bản mẫu:
{{chú thích}}
All of these templates have the same parameters and basic functionality. This page describes all of them except the parameters of {{sfnm}}
and {{harvs}}
; please see their documentation pages. Editors editing one of these templates are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions.
{{harv}}
Template {{harv}}
creates a parenthetical reference with a link to the full citation in the references section at the bottom of the article.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản {{harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}. ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích sách | last = Smith | first = John | title = Smith's book | year = 2006 }} |
Bài viết văn bản (Smith 2006, tr. 25).
|
{{sfn}}
hoặc {{harvnb}}
Template {{harvnb}}
inside a <ref>
span can be used to create a Chú thích rút gọn that is linked to the full citation at the bottom of the article. Template {{sfn}}
(without the use of <ref>
) has the same effect, automatically adds a period (full stop) after the page number, and combines identical footnotes automatically.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} Thêm bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} Vẫn còn nhiều bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=26}} ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích sách | last = Smith | first = John | year = 2007 | title = Smith's Book }} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1] Thêm bài viết văn bản.[1] Vẫn còn nhiều bài viết văn bản.[2]
|
Bài viết văn bản.<ref name=Smith2008p25>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=25}}.</ref> Thêm bài viết văn bản.<ref name=Smith2008p25/> Vẫn còn nhiều bài viết văn bản.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=26}}.</ref> ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích sách | last = Smith | first = John | year = 2008 | title = Smith's Book }} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1] Thêm bài viết văn bản.[1] Vẫn còn nhiều bài viết văn bản.[2]
|
{{harvtxt}}
Bản mẫu {{harvtxt}}
có thể được sử dụng để liên kết một thuộc tính trong văn bản để chú thích đầy đủ ở cuối trang.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Theo {{harvtxt|Smith|2009|p=25}} ... ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích | last = Smith | first = John | year = 2009 | title = Smith's Book }} |
Theo Smith (2009, tr. 25) ...
|
{{harvnb}}
hoặc {{sfnm}}
Bản mẫu {{harvnb}}
có thể được sử dụng để chú thích cả bộ. {{sfnm}}
cũng tạo ra chú thích cả bộ.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản ({{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}). |
Bài viết văn bản (Smith 2010, tr. 25; Jones 2010). |
Bài viết văn bản.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}</ref> |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfnm|la1=Smith|y1=2010|p1=25|la2=Jones|y2=2010}} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
|
==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích sách | last = Smith | first = John ... Smith's book }} * {{chú thích sách | last = Jones | first = Mary ... Jones' book }} |
|
Note that {{sfn}}
is inappropriate for bundled citations; use {{harvnb}}
hoặc {{sfnm}}
.
{{harvid}}
hoặc {{harvs}}
More exotic Harvard citations can be constructed using the {{harvs}}
template, such as multiple papers by the same author, using both the first and last names, links to articles about the author, and others. Any kind of unusual link can also be constructed using the idiom [[#{{harvid|
tham số}}|
tên liên kết]]
.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Lý thuyết được phát triển bởi {{harvs|txt|first=F. J.|last=Murray|author1-link=F. J. Murray|first2=J.|last2=von Neumann|author2-link=John von Neumann|year=1936|year2=1937|year3=1943}}. |
Lý thuyết được phát triển bởi F. J. Murray và J. von Neumann (1936, 1937, 1943). |
Lý thuyết được phát triển bởi [[F. J. Murray]] và [[John von Neumann|J. von Neumann]] ([[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1936}}|1936]],[[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1937}}|1937]],[[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1943}}|1943]]). |
Lý thuyết được phát triển bởi F. J. Murray và J. von Neumann (1936, 1937, 1943). |
== Tham khảo == * {{chú thích | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | year = 1936 | ...}} * {{chú thích | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | year = 1937 | ...}} * {{chú thích | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | year = 1943 | ...}} |
|
Một số bài viết sử dụng thành ngữ này [[#CITEREF
id | link name ]]
. Xem ghi chú về chi tiết thực hiện dưới đây.
{{harvcol}}
, {{harvcolnb}}
, {{harvcoltxt}}
Bản mẫu {{harvcol}}
, {{harvcolnb}}
, {{harvcoltxt}}
sử dụng một dấu hai chấm để chỉ ra số trang hoặc vị trí.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25}} |
(Smith 2011:25) |
{{harvcolnb|Smith|2011|p=25}} |
Smith 2011:25 |
{{harvcoltxt|Smith|2011|p=25}} |
Smith (2011:25) |
{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25–26}} |
(Smith 2011:25–26) |
{{harvcol|Smith|2011|loc=chpt. 3}} |
(Smith 2011:chpt. 3) |
{{sfnp}}
và {{harvp}}
Bản mẫu {{sfnp}}
đặt dấu ngoặc đơn xung quanh năm. So sánh hai ví dụ.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfnp|Smith|2011}} == Ghi chú == {{tham khảo}} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1] |
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Ghi chú == {{tham khảo}} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1] |
Similarly, in order to mimic Chú thích kiểu 1 citations, template {{harvp}}
puts parenthesis around the year.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
{{harvp|Smith|2011|p=25}} |
Smith (2011), tr. 25 |
|ps=
Parameter |ps=
can be used to add quotes or additional comments. Note that this effect can also be achieved using {{harvnb}}
, if done as shown in the last example. The postscript is only effective the first time {{sfn}}
is used for a particular author, year and location.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Một số thông tin.{{sfn|Smith|2011|p=2|ps=: "A quote verifying the information."}} == Ghi chú == {{tham khảo}} |
Một số thông tin.[1]
|
"A quote in a secondary source."{{sfn|Smith|2011|p=2|ps=, quoted in {{harvtxt|Jones|2010|p=343}}}} == Ghi chú == {{tham khảo}} |
"A quote in a secondary source."[1]
|
Một số thông tin.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2011|p=2}}: "A quote verifying the information."</ref> == Ghi chú == {{tham khảo}} |
Một số thông tin.[1]
|
Nota bene: two or more {{sfn}}
templates with same authors, same year, same page, but different |ps=
will result in a Lỗi chú thích: Thẻ <ref>
không hợp lệ; tên... message. This message happens because the reference names that {{sfn}}
creates will be the same but the content between the <ref name="FOOTNOTE...">
tag and the </ref>
tag will be different. A work-around is to convert one or some of the {{sfn}}
templates to {{harvnb}}
wrapped in <ref>...</ref>
tags.
|ps=none
Using |ps=none
in {{sfn}}
removes the final period. Compare the two examples. Suppressing the default period (full stop) ensures consistency with Citation style 2, as produced by {{chú thích}}
, which does not use a trailing period (full stop) in notes. The postscript is only effective the first time {{sfn}}
is used for a particular author, year and location. |ps=
will also suppress terminal punctuation. Follow-on editors who encounter 'empty' parameters can't know if a previous editor intended to leave that parameter blank. Using the keyword none is a positive indication of the previous editor's intent.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|2011|ps=none}} == Ghi chú == {{tham khảo}} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1] |
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Ghi chú == {{tham khảo}} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1] |
If a specific link to the page or section is available, a URL can be added to the location or page number.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=[http://en.wikipedia.org chpt 3]}} |
(Smith 2011, chpt 3) |
{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=[http://en.wikipedia.org §7]}} |
(Smith 2011, §7) |
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|2011|p=[http://en.wikipedia.org 3]}} ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích sách | last = Smith | year = 2011 | title = Smith's other book }} |
|
The Harvard citation templates used in the body of the article contain links. These links can find anchors in the references section, provided the anchors are included within Chú thích kiểu 1, Chú thích kiểu 2 or similar templates. To make the anchor, parameter |ref=harv
must be set. This is not necessary for {{chú thích}}
, but is normally necessary for the others.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích | title = Smith's paper |... }} * {{chú thích web | title = Smith & Jones website | ... }} * {{chú thích báo | title = Article by Smith, Jones and Brown | ... }} * {{chú thích tạp chí | title= Smith, Jones, Brown and Black's Paper | ... }} |
|
If an article is using this template, and nothing happens when you click on the highlighted wikilink from a Harvard style citation to a full citation at the bottom of the page, there are several possible solutions. If:
{{citation not found}}
.{{sfn}}
hoặc {{harv}}
):
|ref=harv
(not needed for {{chú thích}}
, but is needed for most other Chú thích kiểu 1 templates). Solution: Add |ref=harv
.|date=
field and no |year=
field, but the format of the |date=
field is unusual. Solution: Try to fix the date. If the link still does not work, add |year=
to the citation template. (It's okay if it has both.)|ref={{harvid}}
is set correctly (see below).|harvid=
is set correctly (see below).|ref=
(See Wikipedia:Citation templates and reference anchors). Solution: An anchor can be created using {{wikicite|id={{harvid|args}}|reference={{citation}}}}
.{{cite *}}
citation templates are used liberally throughout the article, then reformat the citation with the appropriate {{cite *}}
template and set the |ref=
appropriately. Otherwise consult with local editors on the talk page about how to proceed. Either add {{cite *}}
templates and {{harv}}
templates, or remove all templates, depending on what local editors prefer. A few articles use {{wikicite}}
to create an anchor as an alternative to standard templates.<cite>...</cite>
span to create an anchor. Solution: remove the cite span (these are deprecated) and proceed as with the previous.{{wikicite}}
. Solution: Check that |id={{harvid}}
matches.[[#Reference-Smith2006|Smith (2006)]]
|ref=
(See Wikipedia:Citation templates and reference anchors). Solution: Check that |ref=
is set to a matching id.{{wikicite|ref=id|reference=citation}}
with a matching id.Templates that have broken wikilinks using these templates are added to the category Thể loại:All articles with broken links to citations.
Where there is a need to cite more than one work by the same author published in the same year, the standard way to disambiguate such works is to add a letter suffix after the year element of the {{sfn}}
template (e.g. {{sfn|Smith|2006a}}
and {{sfn|Smith|2006b}}
).
When {{sfn}}
is used with {{Chú thích}}
hoặc Chú thích kiểu 1 templates, a year-suffix letter may be added to |date=
for all accepted date formats except year initial numeric (YYYY-MM-DD). It is not necessary to include both |year=
and |date=
. If both are included, |year=
is used for the CITEREF
anchor to be compliant with legacy citations.
|date=2013a
: simple year only dates|date=Tháng 1 năm 2013b
hoặc |date=Mùa đông 2013b
: month or season and year dates|date=9 tháng 11 năm 2013b
hoặc |date=9 tháng 11 năm 2013b
: full dates|date=Tháng 6–Tháng 7 năm 2013c
hoặc |date=Mùa đông–Mùa xuân 2013c
: month or season ranges and year dates|date=c. 2013d
: circa year dates|date=2024–2025f
hoặc |date=Mùa hè 2024–25f
: year ranges|date=n.d.e
: no date (n.d.)|date=2013x-11-09
|year=2013x
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|1993a|p=25}} Thêm văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|1993b|p=32}} ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo |close=1}} ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích tạp chí |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=January 1993a |title=Smith's first paper |journal=Important Journal }} * {{chú thích tạp chí |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=Spring–Summer 1993b |title=Smith's second paper |journal=Another Important Journal }} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1] Thêm văn bản.[2]
|
The above solution to add a letter suffix after the year element also works for multiple authors with the same last name. For example, both Richard Bushman and Claudia Lauper Bushman published books in 2006. To differentiate between the two books, the first one is given the year "2006a" and the second one "2006b".
Only the first four authors are required by the template. Listing more is not supported. It is also possible to use the |ref={{harvid}}
in the citation template, which allows a more concise citation in the article text.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản {{harv|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|1994|p=25}}. ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích tạp chí | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | year= 1994 | title= Scientific paper written by dozens of scientists | journal = Important Journal }} |
Bài viết văn bản (Smith và đồng nghiệp 1994, tr. 25).
|
Bài viết văn bản {{harv|Smith et al.|1995|p=25}}. ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích tạp chí | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | year= 1995 | title= Another paper by even more scientists | journal = Important Journal | ref = {{harvid|Smith et al.|1995}} }} |
Bài viết văn bản (Smith et al. 1995, tr. 25).
|
Some sources do not have a single author with a last name, such as a magazine article or a report from a government institution. There is no consensus (in Wikipedia or among citation styles) about how to format author–date citations to works that do not have a specific author. Several choices are:
An article should adopt one of these styles consistently. Using |ref={{harvid}}
in the citation template can handle these cases.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn |BGI|1996|p=429}} ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích sách | title = Important Book | year = 1996 | publisher = Big Government Institution | ref = {{harvid|BGI|1996}} }} |
|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn |''Popular Magazine''|1996|p=29}} ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{cite magazine | magazine = Popular Magazine | title = An Article by an Anonymous Author | year = 1996 | ref = {{harvid|Popular Magazine|1996}} }} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
|
|date=
và không có |year=
Either the |year=
hoặc |date=
of a citation template can be matched—the template logic can extract the year from a full date. If the date parameter is not a full date, then the extraction will fail. If the link does not seem to work, it also possible to set both |date=
and |year=
parameters. The template will display the date and use the year for the anchor. If only the year is known the |year=
field must be used in the citation for the link to work correctly (i.e. |date=2005
may not work correctly). These two examples show a year being successfully extracted from full date.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|1997|p=101}} ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích tạp chí | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = 11 May 1997 | title = Smith's 1997 paper | journal= Important Journal }} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=101}} ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích tạp chí | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = May 1998 | title = Smith's 1998 paper | journal= Important Journal }} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
|
|ref=harv
The {Vcite}[1]
{Wjfz|wqerty|}
{Wjfz-vinh|tyiou} lưu ý đến những mối quan hệ[2]tuyệt vời<ref>
{Wjfz-cố gắng cải thiện hoàn thiện trên nguồi family of templates use parameter |ref=harvid
to create an anchor for the Harvard citation templates. This must be set to a concatenation of the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=101}} ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{vcite book | author = Smith K | year = 1999 | title = Smith's 1999 Book | harvid = Smith1999 }} |
|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=101}} ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích luận văn | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = May 2000 | title = Smith's Thesis }} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
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{{wikicite}}
In a few very rare cases, it may be impossible for the citation templates to create an anchor. Either (1) the citation is formatted with a template that does not support the |ref=
parameter or (2) the source can't be described using our citation templates at all. In these cases, it is possible to use {{wikicite}}
to make the anchor. (As of November 2010, there are only approximately 100 articles that require this technique.) It is also possible that (3) local editors would prefer not to use citation templates. In this case, it is important to discuss what the local editors would like to do about the bad links. It is always possible to simply remove {{harv}}
hoặc {{sfn}}
.
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn |Big Government Agency|1999}} ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{wikicite | reference = {{cite report | title=Important Government Report | publisher=Big Government Agency | year=1999 }} | ref = {{harvid|Big Government Agency|1999}} }} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
|
Bài viết văn bản.{{sfn |A particularly unusual citation}} ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{wikicite | reference = A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all. | ref = {{harvid|A particularly unusual citation}} }} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
|
It is also possible to use <cite>
to achieve the same effect, but this may not be compatible with HTML 5.
The templates assume that the last field is the year. Where there are multiple authors and no year the template will form a correct link but will display the last author as if it were a year. To force the displayed text to show all authors as name, the following work around may be used:
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Bài viết văn bản.<ref>[[#{{harvid|Lane|Singh}}|Lane & Singh]]</ref> ==Ghi chú== {{tham khảo}} ==Tham khảo== * {{chú thích | last = Lane | first = Kieran | last2 = Singh | first2 = Karun | title = Richard Watts | work = Richard Watts Charities | url = http://www.richardwatts.org.uk/richardwatts1.html | accessdate = 21 June 2012 }} |
Bài viết văn bản.[1]
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The recommended Harvard referencing style potentially uses all four templates. Each automatically generates a hypertext link based on the name(s) and date. Here is an example
Cú pháp | Kết quả |
---|---|
Some works on gravitation are so massive they warp spacetime themselves {{Harv|Misner|Thorne|Wheeler|1973}}; yet {{Harvtxt|Einstein|1915}} presented essential equations with notable brevity. The essential ingredients are the curvature tensor and the stress–energy tensor ({{Harvnb|Einstein|1915|p=844}}; {{Harvnb|Misner|Thorne|Wheeler|1973|p=41}}). ==Tham khảo== *{{chú thích | last=Misner | first=Charles W. | last2=Thorne | first2=Kip S. | first3=John Archibald | last3=Wheeler | title=Gravitation | publisher=W. H. Freeman | location = San Francisco | date = September 1973 | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} *{{chú thích | last =Einstein | first =Albert | title =Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation (The Field Equations of Gravitation) | journal =Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften | pages =844–847 | year =1915 }} |
Some works on gravitation are so massive they warp spacetime themselves (Misner, Thorne & Wheeler 1973); yet Einstein (1915) presented essential equations with notable brevity. The two ingredients are the curvature tensor and the stress–energy tensor (Einstein 1915, tr. 844; Misner, Thorne & Wheeler 1973, tr. 41).
|
In short:
{{Harv}}
.{{Harvtxt}}
.{{Harvnb}}
separated by semicolons.{{Harvs}}
.These templates use two elements: a wikilink in the body of the article, and an anchor in the reference section of the article. Clicking on the wikilink repositions the page at the anchor.
The most common citation templates are Chú thích kiểu 1 hoặc Chú thích kiểu 2. If |ref=harv
is set, then Mô đun:Citation/CS1 and {{Chú thích/nhân}}
create an anchor <a name="CITEREF">
followed by the concatenation of the following parameters:
Template {{chú thích}}
sets |ref=harv
as the default.
This covers the most common templates. Information about all the templates is available at Wikipedia:Citation templates and reference anchors.
Use of the date parameter in place of the year parameter in citation templates is preferred when full dates are known.
The Harvard citation templates create a wikilink to the anchor. For example {{Harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}
produces the link #CITEREFSmith2006
and {{Chú thích|last=Smith|first=John|date=27 January 2006|title=My Life}}
produces the anchor CITEREFSmith2006
.
A few articles create a custom ID using CITEREF
, either in place of the Harvard citation template (e.g. [[#CITEREFSmith2006|(2006)]]
) or as a value for |ref=
in the citation template.
Bản mẫu:Refname rules
Ví dụ:
{{sfn|cite name|year}}
{{chú thích sách|ref=CITEREFcite_nameyear}}
{{chú thích sách|ref={{sfnref}}}}
Where cite_name is a name such as the publisher.
{{sfn}}
Template {{sfn}}
creates a named footnote, so that identical footnotes are combined automatically. The footnote name begins with FOOTNOTE
followed by a concatenation of the arguments to {{sfn}}
. E.g.: this template call {{sfn|Smith|2006|p=26}}
should have exactly the same functionality as <ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">{{Harvnb}}</ref>
which, in turn, has the same functionality as <ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">[[#CITEREFSmith2006|Smith (2006)]], p. 26</ref>
.
The ref name becomes more complicated when the page (p) parameter includes a URL, e.g. {{sfn|Joyce|1903|p=213}}
, which, once defined, can be called by . The "p=" and the characters |,:,.,/,?,=; are therefore stripped out of the URL.
The call to {{harvnb}}
has been subst'ed for quicker load times.