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Check Swing Challenge

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The Check Swing Challenge system is a system used in baseball to automate the determination of whether a batter fully swung their bat at a pitch, or instead checked their swing. It was first used in the Arizona Fall League, a U.S. minor league, in 2024, and has been introduced to other minor leagues since then.

History

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In baseball, umpires determine whether a batter swung at a pitch. In the official rules of Major League Baseball (MLB), no definitions exist for "swing" or "checked swing". An umpire's judgment determines whether a batter "struck at" a pitch. If the home plate umpire cannot tell whether a batter struck at the pitch, they call the pitch as a ball, and the catcher may appeal to the first-base or third-base umpire. Instant replay is used for television broadcasts, but cannot be used to contest a check swing.[1]

Beginning in 2024, the Arizona Fall League (AFL) began a proof of concept test of the Check Swing Challenge system, using the same Hawk-Eye technology that is used by the AFL for the Automated Ball-Strike System (ABS). The initial test was at Salt River Fields at Talking Stick, home of the Salt River Rafters, an AFL team which includes players from the rosters of five MLB clubs.[1] The system began to be used by the Florida State League (FSL), a single-A league, in 2025,[2][3][4] and by the Pacific Coast League (PCL), a triple-A league, in 2026.[5][6]

Rob Manfred, the commissioner of MLB, said that he was waiting to test the Check Swing Challenge system in spring training until after clubs have become accustomed to the ABS system, which was tested in spring training in 2025, and later introduced to the regular season in 2026.[7]

Mechanics

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As with ABS, the Check Swing Challenge system operates on a challenge basis: umpires make an initial call on the field, which may be changed on appeal, and the umpire's call may then be challenged by a pitcher, hitter, or catcher. As defined by the Check Swing Challenge system, a check swing is a swing in which the bat stays within a 45-degree angle from home plate, the same angle as the foul lines.[1] In 2026, at the same time as triple-A baseball introduced the automated Check Swing Challenge system in the PCL, umpires in the International League, another triple-A team, were instructed to use the 45-degree threshold for their own check swing calls, creating a control group for the experiment with automation.[8]

In the AFL, each team receives two challenges. If a team has used both of these challenges before the ninth inning, it receives an additional challenge in that inning.[1] In the FSL, each team receives one challenge, and retains the challenge if it is successful in getting a call overturned.[2] In the PCL, each team starts with two challenges, and may use a challenge on either a ball–strike call or a swing–no swing call, but not both on the same pitch.[5]

Impact

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The Check Swing System is expected to codify, for the first time in MLB's history, what defines a swing. Umpires in the distant past had ruled almost any incomplete swing to be a checked swing, whereas by 2025, MLB said that umpires called swings and no-swings equally at 18 degrees.[4]

According to MLB, the Check Swing Challenge resulted in a 3% reduction in strikeouts in the FSL, leading to more balls in play.[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Dykstra, Sam (23 October 2024). "Check Swing Challenge system being tested in Arizona Fall League". MLB.com. Retrieved 2 April 2026.
  2. ^ a b Dykstra, Sam (20 May 2025). "Check Swing Challenge system comes to Florida State League". MLB.com. Retrieved 2 April 2026.
  3. ^ "MLB to use Hawk-Eye for checked swing challenges in minors". ESPN.com. 19 May 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2026.
  4. ^ a b Diamond, Jared (19 May 2025). "Baseball Seeks an Answer to a 150-Year-Old Question: What Is a Swing?". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2 April 2026.
  5. ^ a b c Greenspan, Jared (17 March 2026). "Here are the new rules coming to the Minors this season". MLB.com. Retrieved 2 April 2026.
  6. ^ Williams, Carter (18 March 2026). "MLB to test another challenge system at Salt Lake Bees games this season". KSL. Retrieved 2 April 2026.
  7. ^ Drellich, Evan (5 June 2025). "Manfred: MLB will propose automated ball-strike challenge system for 2026". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 April 2026.
  8. ^ Franco, Anthony (16 March 2026). "MLB To Test Check-Swing Rule In Triple-A". MLB Trade Rumors. Retrieved 2 April 2026.