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Choni language

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Not to be confused with Drugchu language.
Choni
Thewo-Chone
Cone Tibetan
PronunciationChoni pronunciation: [tɕɔᴸnɛ]
Native toChina
RegionGansu, Sichuan
Native speakers
150,000 (2004)[1]
Dialects
  • Thewo
  • Hbrugchu
Language codes
ISO 639-3cda
Glottologchon1285
ELPChoni
Choni is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.

Choni (Jonê) and Thewo are dialects of a Tibetic language spoken in western China in the vicinity of Jonê County.

Phonology

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Consonants

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Consonant phonemes of Nyinpa Choni
Bilabial Alveolar Retroflex (Alveolo-)
Palatal 		Velar Uvular Glottal
plain sibilant
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate 		tenuis p t t͡s t͡ʂ t͡ɕ k (q)
aspirated pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ
voiced b d d͡z d͡ʐ d͡ʑ ɡ
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ⁿd͡z ⁿd͡ʐ ⁿd͡ʑ ᵑɡ
Fricative tenuis ɬ s ʂ ɕ x (χ) h
aspirated sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ xʰ
voiced r̝ z (ʐ) ʑ ɣ (ʁ)
Approximant l j w
  • Choni has four contrastive aspirated fricatives /sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ xʰ/, a relatively high number for a rare phonemic distinction.[2]
  • /r/ is phonetically a fricativized alveolar trill [r̝], with the allophone [ʐ].
  • A syllable-initial /k/ can be heard as a uvular fricative [χ ʁ] before consonants, assimilating in voicing.
  • A syllable-final /k/ can be heard as a uvular stop [q] after /æ ɔ/.
  • [ʁ] can also be heard as an allophone of /ɣ/ between /æ/ or /ɔ/ and another vowel.[3]

Vowels

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Front Central Back
short long nasal short long short long nasal
Close i iː ĩː ʉ ʉː u uː (ũː)
ɪ ɪː
Close-mid e eː ẽː o oː õː
Mid ə
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open æ ã ãː ɑ ɑː
  • [ũː] is only attested in a few words with a palatal or alveolo-palatal initial.

Tone

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Choni has two contrasting tones, which are realized differently on long and short vowels. They are word tones, with predictable realizations on the second syllable of a morpheme.

References

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  1. ^ Choni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Jacques 2011.
  3. ^ Jacques 2012.

Bibliography

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  • Jacques, Guillaume (2011). "A panchronic study of aspirated fricatives, with new evidence from Pumi" (PDF). Lingua. 121 (9): 1518–1538. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2011.04.003. S2CID 56166344.
  • Jacques, Guillaume (April 2012). "A phonological profile of Cone" (PDF). HAL. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
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