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Napeca language

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Napeca
Nape, Napeka
Native toBolivia
RegionBolivia–Brazil border area
EthnicityNapeca
Extinctafter 1965
unknown rememberers (2013)[1]
Chapacuran
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Glottolognape1237

Napeca (Nape, Napeka) is an extinct Chapacuran language. The Napeca people were said to have spoken the same language as those who spoke Quitemoca,[3] and is thought to be a dialect of the same language as Quitemoca.[1] Jürgen Riester documented the language in the 1960s, and recorded some samples.[4][5]

Morphology

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Pronouns

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Napeka pronouns[6]
Napeka Gloss
huaľa 1SG
abum 2SG
arikó 3SG
huaľa 1PL
ariko-roma 2SG
ariko 3PL

Adjectives

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The suffix -ya is sometimes attached after an adjective to indicate the first person singular (e.g. nahuiza-ya 'I am well', literally "healthy-I"); the same construction is present for the second person singular (e.g. nauiza-bum 'you are well', literally "healthy-you").

Negation

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Negation is expressed in Napeka by the infix -za-.

Napeka Gloss Napeka Gloss
mbeb-ya I go mbeb-za-ya I do not go
urupa-yapae tomima I understand your language aipíi-za-yapae tomima I do not understand your language

Vocabulary

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Napeka vocabulary[6]
Napeka Gloss
miya no
homa, emme there is
kammiya there is not
kiñam jaguar
ako water
isze fire
kotkot chicha
mapiitio sun
činmak earth

Sample phrases

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Napeka phrases[6]
Napeka Gloss
či-aguîn in the sky/in heaven
birita this morning
xupini akkom it is raining
pixiumhará sit down
imačitiakom tete aiči I like God
birita mbebya I went this morning
pitiama mbeb-ta-ya I will go tomorrow
huaľa čiaguin huaľa-yukon tete aiči I will go to heaven with God
kamma Go!
kamma iguirayum, makipi pitiapara Go to your house and return quickly
maľa mauma Where are you going?
maia-ñipa apakka let's get out of here
kači-bi čuyum What is your name?
homa te aiči Is there a God?
kači bubiroma What are you looking for?
tete aiči homa či-aiguîn God is in heaven
kači amatutumpa abín činmak Who created heaven and the earth?
imačitiapae bikači I want a knife
tete aiči amatutumpa God created it
maya homako tete aiči Where is God?
kači totomima huakaiña What are you saying?
paniapat mmoko tete ayu My father died yesterday
nauizabum How are you?
kači imačitma What do you want?
xurua apiakon kiñam čiñomiu I killed a jaguar with the arrow
imačitiakon ixam I want some fish

References

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  1. ^ a b Danielsen, Swintha (January 2013). "Evaluating historical data (wordlists) in the case of bolivian extinct languages". STUF - Language Typology and Universals. 66 (3). doi:10.1524/stuf.2013.0014. ISSN 2196-7148.
  2. ^ "Glottolog 5.2 - Napeca". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
  3. ^ Steward, Julian Haynes, ed. (1946). Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 3. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 397.
  4. ^ "Paunaka language archive | Endangered Languages Archive". www.elararchive.org. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
  5. ^ "Glottolog 5.2 - Jürgen Riester 1965". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
  6. ^ a b c Créqui-Montfort, Georges de; Rivet, Paul (1913). "Linguistique bolivienne. La famille linguistique Čapakura". Journal de la société des américanistes. 10 (1): 119–171. doi:10.3406/jsa.1913.2851.