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Sikaraj

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Sikaraj
สิการาช
King of Nakhon Chai Si
King of Dvaravati's Kamalanka
ReignMid 800s decade–807
PredecessorPú jiā yuè mó
SuccessorPhraya Kong
IssuePhraya Kong

Sikaraj (Thai: สิการาช) is described as a 9th-century mythical Dvaravati monarch in the Ta Pakhao Rot version of the Legend of Phra Pathommachedi (ตำนานพระปฐมเจดีย์ ฉบับตาปะขาวรอต).[1]: 15 [2]: 39  He is said to have reigned in Nakhon Chai Si, identified with the present-day Nakhon Pathom, and to have been the father of Phraya Kong, another mythical monarch mentioned in various versions of the Legend of Phraya Kong – Phraya Pan [th].[1]: 15 [3] The oldest extant version of this legend is preserved in Phra Wichianpreecha's version of the Northern Chronicle [th] (พงศาวดารเหนือ ฉบับพระวิเชียรปรีชา (น้อย)).[4]: 12  The narrative also shows parallels with the Greek fable of Oedipus,[4]: 17  as well as with traditional accounts concerning Kamsa and Bana found in the Sanskrit Puranas and the Mahabharata, although in the Sanskrit sources Kamsa and Bana are not connected to one another.[4]: 5–8 

Sikaraj is recorded as having bequeathed the throne to his son, Phraya Kong, who married a princess under King Dhalemesvara (เทลเมศวร) of Phetchaburi.[3] According to calculations made by Borihan Thepthani, the reign of Phraya Pan, the grandson of Sikaraj, can be dated through the chronology preserved in the original version of the Yonok Chronicle compiled by Chaem Bunnag [th]. This source places Phraya Pan's first enthronement as king of Haripuñjaya in 899, where he ruled for two months and fifteen days. His second reign began in 913 and continued until his death in 916. His reign at Nakhon Pathom is considered to have commenced in 867.[5]: 67  Based on this chronology, the reigns of Sikaraj and his son, Phraya Kong, may be placed from the end of the preceding rule of Pú jiā yuè mó of Gē Luó Shě Fēn (哥罗舍分) in the early 9th century until 867. Borihan Thepthani assigns the date of the transition between the reign of Sikaraj and that of Phraya Kong to 807 CE.[5]: 31 

References

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  1. ^ a b Saritpong Khumsong (2014). โบราณคดีเมืองนครปฐม: การศึกษาอดีตศูนย์กลางแห่งทวารวดี [Nakhon Pathom Archaeology: A Study of the Former Center of Dvaravati] (PDF) (in Thai). Bangkok: Papermet (Thailand). p. 230. ISBN 978-974-641-498-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2025.
  2. ^ Chao Phraya Thiphakornwong; Supattaradit Ditsakul. "เรื่องพระปฐมเจดีย์" [The Stories of Phra Pathom Chedi] (PDF) (in Thai). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2025. Retrieved 6 June 2025.
  3. ^ a b "ตำนานพระยากง – พระยาพาน" [Legend of Phraya Kong – Phraya Pan]. Digital School Thailand 4.0 (in Thai). Archived from the original on 2025-10-01. Retrieved 2 October 2025.
  4. ^ a b c Aphilak Kasemphonkun, ed. (2024). "ประชุมเรื่อง พญากง พญาพาน และตำนานพระปฐมเจดีย์" [Meeting about Phaya Kong, Phaya Phan and the legend of Phra Pathom Chedi] (PDF). Local Cultural Knowledge Dissemination Project, Siam Tassan Studies Center, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Mahidol University (in Thai). Retrieved 2 October 2025.
  5. ^ a b Thepthani, Phra Borihan (1953). Thai National Chronicles: the history of the nation since ancient times (in Thai). S. Thammasamakkhi. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.