Talk:GM Defense

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Edit Request

This edit request by an editor with a conflict of interest was declined. The reviewer would like to request the editor with a COI attempt to discuss with editors engaged in the subject-area first.

NOTE: I am proposing this edit for FleishmanHillard on behalf of GM Defense LLC. I am a paid editor and aware of the COI guidelines.

I am submitting this edit request to propose changes to the page to reflect accurate information regarding the current incarnation of the company (now named GM Defense LLC) which was reformed in 2017 and also help address the flags on the page regarding verification and notability. Thanks for your consideration. Jon Gray (talk) 23:44, 14 February 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Extended content

Company Name

The previous incarnation of GM Defense was sold to General Dynamics in 2002. ^[1] GM Defense LLC was launched in 2017.^[2] As GM Defense LLC is the official name of the new company, we proposed updating all mentions of the company name in the article accordingly.

General Information

The current introductory section, which reads as follows, is outdated and lacking sources in several areas:

GM Defense is a division of General Motors providing military products.

GM Defense is the military product division of General Motors focusing on the defense industry needs with hydrogen fuel cell and other advanced mobility technologies. GM Defense projects include SURUS (Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure) an autonomous modular platform joint project with the United States Army.

ZH2 are modified Chevrolet medium and full size pickups modified for military needs. The ZH2, fitted with a hydrogen fuel cell and electric drive, has a stealthy drive system which produces a very low smoke, noise, odor and thermal signature. This allows soldiers to conduct silent watch and silent mobility missions on the battlefield.

General Motors, the Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory are cooperating to incorporate automotive hydrogen fuel cell systems into the next generation of Navy unmanned undersea vehicles, or UUVs. Hydrogen fuel cell technology could augment ships and subs on patrol.

To bring this introductory overview current, we propose replacing the copy above with the updated and sourced information below:

GM Defense LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Motors established in October 2017 focused on reimagining advanced automotive technologies for the defense, aerospace and security markets.^[3]

GM Defense LLC develops solutions leveraging emerging technologies such as lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen fuel cell systems for land and underwater vehicles ^[4] and both stationary ^[5]and mobile power generation.^[6]

The company also develops telematics^[7] and cybersecurity systems,^[8] as well as vehicle platforms and propulsion systems based on diesel ^[9] and gasoline-powered engines^[10] and hybrid powertrains.^[11]

GM Defense LLC vehicle projects include the Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV), the Chevrolet ZH2 hydrogen fuel cell vehicle developed and tested with the US Army, ^[12] and SURUS (Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure), an autonomous modular platform concept.^[13]

The company named David Albritton, a Navy veteran and the company’s former executive director of product development and international communications, president of the company in December 2018. ^[14]

In August 2019, GM Defense LLC received a $1 million-dollar contract from the United States Army to develop two Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV) prototypes.^[15]^[16] GM Defense’s ISV is based on the Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 architecture, which leverages 70 percent commercial off-the-shelf components. ^[17]

Like the ISV, the ZH2 was also based on the mid-size Chevrolet Colorado ZR2.^[18] The ZH2, fitted with a hydrogen fuel cell and electric drive, produces no toxic emissions and has a minimal noise or thermal signature, enabling nearly silent watch and silent mobility missions on the battlefield. ^[19]

The company is also working with the Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory to incorporate automotive hydrogen fuel cell systems into the next generation of Navy unmanned undersea vehicles, or UUVs. Hydrogen fuel cell technology could augment ships and subs on patrol. ^[20] ^[21]

Current Projects

The existing Current Projects section contains outdated information that dates back to the previous incarnation of GM Defense referenced above. We propose replacing the existing table with the following (sourcing included within as well):

Model	Type	Notes
Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV)	Military truck	Nine-passenger, helicopter-transportable light military vehicle based on the Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 ^[22] utilizing 70 percent commercial off-the-shelf parts. ^[23] In June, 2019, the U.S. Army awarded a $1 million contract to GM Defense to develop two ISV prototypes for testing and evaluation.^[24] A production and deployment contract award decision is expected in 2020.
Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 (Concept)	Military truck	Extreme off-road-capable hydrogen fuel-cell/battery electric concept vehicle based on the Chevrolet Colorado ZR2. The Colorado ZH2 is the product of a joint venture between GM and TARDEC—the U.S. Army’s Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center.^[25]
SURUS - Silent Utility Rover Universal Super Structure (Concept)	Modular military platform	GM concept vehicle developed to demonstrate “the art of the possible” / potential of hydrogen fuel cells, autonomous driving and other technologies. ^[26]
UUV	Unmanned Underwater Vehicle	A partnership with General Motors and the Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory to demonstrate utility of hydrogen fuel cell systems in unmanned undersea vehicles, or UUVs.^[27]

History

The current line under the History section refers to the aforementioned sale of the original GM Defense to General Dynamics. To add additional context to the company’s history and incorporate verification/sourcing, we propose removing the following copy:

The original GM Defense (founded in 1950) organization and acquired by General Dynamics in 2003 and became part of the General Dynamics Land Systems division.

And replacing with this updated information:

General Motors founded a defense business named General Motors Defense in 1950, developing a series of military vehicles over five decades before selling the operation to General Dynamics in 2003, where it became part of the General Dynamics Land Systems division.^[28] ^[29]

Previous Products

Propose removing the current Wikitable due to information being outdated and unsourced. In its place, we recommend retaining the following line (with verification):

With the sale to General Dynamics, only GM Defense’s Stryker product lines are still in production.^[30]

Facilities

Outdated and unsourced list of facilities operated by the previous incarnation of GM Defense; recommend list for removal.

Clients

The previous incarnation of GM Defense provided vehicles and turret systems to the Canadian Forces, Romanian Land Forces and New Zealand Army ^[31], however, GM Defense LLC does not. As such, we recommend revising client list to only retain US Marine Corps, US Army, US Navy and US Air Force.

References

^ "General Dynamics to Acquire GM Unit in $1.1 Billion Deal". The Wall Street Journal. December 19, 2002. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Dynamics Corp. plans to acquire General Motors Corp.'s defense unit for $1.1 billion, making the diversified defense contractor the nation's leading maker of armored vehicles at a time when the world-wide market is expanding.
^ "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. A new division of General Motors Co.'s product development team is forming to meet the needs of global aerospace and defense customers, the company said Monday. GM Defense LLC was announced after the Detroit-based automaker in recent years has partnered with the U.S. military on fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
^ "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. A new division of General Motors Co.'s product development team is forming to meet the needs of global aerospace and defense customers, the company said Monday. GM Defense LLC was announced after the Detroit-based automaker in recent years has partnered with the U.S. military on fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
^ "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. 'Every year GM invests upwards of $7 billion to $9 billion in R&D,' he said. "That's a huge wealth of resources that we can leverage." That includes technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, hydrogen fuel cell systems and cybersecurity systems, he added. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.
^ "GM, Partners Unveil Project to Create Self-Supporting Stationery Fuel Cell". The Wall Street Journal. October 29, 2001. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors Corp. and three suppliers will announce Tuesday a demonstration project in California using a fuel cell to provide backup power for a cellular-phone tower. The announcement will mark GM's latest step toward the stationary fuel-cell market. The suppliers involved say they hope it also will provide lessons that they and GM can use to improve prototype fuel-cell systems to power cars and trucks. {{cite news}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 171 (help)
^ "GM's Using Old Chevy Volt Batteries to Power a Building". Wired. June 9, 2015. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Used Chevrolet Volt batteries are helping keep the lights on at the new General Motors Enterprise Data Center at its Milford Proving Ground in Milford, Michigan. Five Volt batteries work with an adjacent solar array and two wind turbines to help supply power to the data center's administrative offices.
^ "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. By adding telematics such as OnStar, military vehicles can access navigational information, secured communications, Bluetooth tracking and the vehicle's health for maintenance, all at the touch of a button.
^ "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. That includes technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, hydrogen fuel cell systems and cybersecurity systems, he added.
^ "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM's prototype is a modified version of GM's Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 midsize pickup. In fact, it's 70% off-the-shelf parts, said Albritton. The 2.8-liter diesel vehicle can carry up to nine soldiers.
^ "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. And while the ZR2 is available with a gasoline V6, the test trucks use its optional 2.8-liter four-cylinder turbodiesel engine, which is rated at 186 hp and 369 lb-ft of torque.
^ "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. 'But in the interim, having a hybridized solution of diesel and electric is definitely very feasible and a solution we're already working on with the Chevy Bolt, but in a militarized sense,' said Albritton.
^ "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors has landed a $1 million contract to build two midsize trucks for the U.S. Army. But they're pretty cool trucks. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch.
^ "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company most recently rolled out its Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure (SURUS) at an early October event in Warren. The SURUS is essentially a four-wheel concept vehicle built on a heavy-duty truck frame that's powered by two electric motors. The concept vehicle is a large flatbed, which can be outfitted with a cabin for a driver. It could potentially run autonomously.
^ "David Albritton moves into president role at GM Defense". PRWeek. December 5, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM Defense has named David Albritton as president, lead executive, and GM…Albritton was previously executive director of product development and international comms at GM Defense. Prior, he was GM's executive director of global product comms.
^ "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors has landed a $1 million contract to build two midsize trucks for the U.S. Army. But they're pretty cool trucks. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch.
^ "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors brought a unique machine to the 2019 SEMA Show, the Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV) prototype. GM was awarded $1 million to create development mules for the ISV—alongside Oshkosh Defense and Flyer Defense LLC, and SAIC and Polaris—for consideration for a U.S. Army production contract next year.
^ "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Helping keep costs down, GM's ISV utilizes 70 percent off-the-shelf parts, making it easier to produce since the company already builds the Colorado ZR2.
^ "GM Defense Quietly Shows Hardcore Chevy Silverado ZH2 In CG Video". Motor1.com. November 2, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. If ZH2 sounds familiar, it's because GM Defense built a Colorado ZH2 back in 2016 to test hydrogen fuel-cell applications for military use.
^ "GM, U.S. Army Unveil Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 Fuel Cell Truck". Motor Trend. October 3, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The concept is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell and was intended to explore hydrogen technology for military applications…One benefit a fuel cell offers over a traditional generator is its near-silent operation. Another is that water, a precious commodity in the field, is produced as a fuel cell's only emission. The trials will evaluate the ZH2 for its quietness, reduced thermal signature, electric wheel torque at all speeds, fuel consumption and range, and water production capabilities.
^ "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Finally, hydrogen and oxygen could be used on an unmanned platform under the sea, said Albritton. That would allow the Navy's submarines to stay under the surface significantly longer than traditional diesel-hybrid vessels. A hydrogen fuel cell submarine could stay underwater for weeks at a time and be much less costly than a nuclear submarine, which can stay submerged for months.
^ "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.
^ "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch. The trucks trade their pickup profiles for an open-top nine-passenger troop-toting configuration, with three rows of seating plus two side-facing seats in the rear. They're all equipped with four-point harnesses and the truck provides easy access since there are no doors, just a roll cage that offers attachments for gear. It can also be used to strap the truck under a UH-60 helicopter for a lift, unless you'd rather park it in a Ch-47 Chinook, where it fits just fine.
^ "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Helping keep costs down, GM's ISV utilizes 70 percent off-the-shelf parts, making it easier to produce since the company already builds the Colorado ZR2.
^ "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM's prototype is a modified version of GM's Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 midsize pickup. In fact, it's 70% off-the-shelf parts, said Albritton. The 2.8-liter diesel vehicle can carry up to nine soldiers.In June, the army named its three finalists.As a finalist, GM Defense won $1 million. The Army asked the finalists to create two more prototypes that it is currently testing.
^ "Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 Concept: An Experiment with an Eye toward the Military Vehicles of Tomorrow". Car and Driver. April 27, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. This Colorado ZH2 is the product of a joint venture between GM and TARDEC—the U.S. Army's Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center—that has been 10 years in the making. The frame is a stretched version of the one that underpins the pedestrian Chevrolet Colorado. It is also fitted with 37-inch tires and the fancy spool-valve dampers and off-road suspension borrowed from the Colorado ZR2 prerunner. The heavy breathing is to purge the system of water, which, like the electricity the stack produces, occurs when the fuel cell combines hydrogen with oxygen. If a fuel-cell-powered military vehicle makes it to production, the water produced is likely to be captured, filtered, and used by troops, although probably for washing and cleaning rather than for drinking.
^ "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company most recently rolled out its Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure (SURUS) at an early October event in Warren. The SURUS is essentially a four-wheel concept vehicle built on a heavy-duty truck frame that's powered by two electric motors. The concept vehicle is a large flatbed, which can be outfitted with a cabin for a driver. It could potentially run autonomously.
^ "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.
^ "General Motors Launches New Military Defense Division Called GM Defense". TopSpeed.com. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Of course, this isn't the first time General Motors has worked directly with the U.S. military. GM had a defense division from 1950 to 2003, similarly named General Motors Defense. That division was sold to General Dynamics.
^ "General Motors Trademarks Logo For GM Defense Military Division". Motor1.com. April 30, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM Defense division was sold to General Dynamics in 2003 for $1.1 billion and is now part of the General Dynamics Land Systems division
^ "General Dynamics to buy GM combat vehicle unit". Automotive News. December 19, 2002. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Dynamics, also a leading maker of combat ships and information systems, said it expects the all-cash deal to close in the first quarter of 2003. GM's defense unit expects $950 million in revenue in 2002 and has a backlog -- contracts from its customers -- of more than $1.5 billion. The deal follows a Pentagon decision to include $1.5 billion in the fiscal 2004 budget to pay for a fourth brigade of Stryker combat vehicles, which are being made by a joint venture of General Dynamics and the GM defense unit.
^ Hitt, Michael A. (2007). Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization (Concepts and Cases), Seventh Edition. Thomson South-Western. p. 126. ISBN 0-324-31694-1.

Reply 14-FEB-2020

Consensus requested

It's not Wikipedia's practice to place references in the lead section without consensus, per MOS:CITELEAD. Please establish a consensus for this change before requesting it to be added to the article.^[1]

Regards, Spintendo 00:57, 15 February 2020 (UTC)[reply]

I consent 64.147.17.234 (talk) 17:31, 12 October 2022 (UTC)[reply]

References

^ "Template:Request edit instructions". Wikipedia. 15 December 2019. Instructions for Reviewers: Do not insert major re-writes or controversial requests without clear consensus. When these are requested, ask the submitter to discuss the edits instead with regular contributors on the article's talk page. You can use {{edit COI|D|D}}.

RfC about inclusion of a citation in lead of edit request and other GM Defense re-writes

Should the revised lead in an edit request be allowed to include a citation? We are seeking consensus on proposed re-writes as well. Jon Gray (talk) 18:27, 3 March 2020 (UTC)[reply]

NOTE: I am submitting this Request for Comment for FleishmanHillard on behalf of GM Defense LLC. I am a paid editor and aware of the COI guidelines.

I am opening this RfC in response to COI editor Spintendo’s initial feedback to our edit request on the GM Defense page (submitted on Feb. 14, 2020). Our goal with this edit request is to update the page with accurate information regarding the current incarnation of the company (now named GM Defense LLC) and also help address the flags on the page regarding verification, etc.

Because our revised copy incorporated a citation in the lead to verify the claim – which as Spintendo pointed out, does not follow MOS:CITELEAD – we were asked to gain consensus on that suggested change first before proceeding with a specific edit request. Furthermore, with significant re-writes requested for the page, the reference box above that he cited also suggests that these should be reviwed by regular contributors for consensus as well.

For reference, below is the proposed lead that would replace the existing lead on the page:

GM Defense LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Motors established in October 2017 focused on reimagining advanced automotive technologies for the defense, aerospace and security markets.^[1]

The full text of our edit request is below as well. We look forward to the community’s thoughts and are hopeful to gain consensus on how to proceed with the lead and proposed re-writes. Thank you for your time and consideration! Jon Gray (talk) 18:27, 3 March 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Extended content

Company Name

The previous incarnation of GM Defense was sold to General Dynamics in 2002. ^[2] GM Defense LLC was launched in 2017.^[3] As GM Defense LLC is the official name of the new company, we proposed updating all mentions of the company name in the article accordingly.

General Information

The current introductory section, which reads as follows, is outdated and lacking sources in several areas:

GM Defense is a division of General Motors providing military products.

GM Defense is the military product division of General Motors focusing on the defense industry needs with hydrogen fuel cell and other advanced mobility technologies. GM Defense projects include SURUS (Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure) an autonomous modular platform joint project with the United States Army.

ZH2 are modified Chevrolet medium and full size pickups modified for military needs. The ZH2, fitted with a hydrogen fuel cell and electric drive, has a stealthy drive system which produces a very low smoke, noise, odor and thermal signature. This allows soldiers to conduct silent watch and silent mobility missions on the battlefield.

General Motors, the Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory are cooperating to incorporate automotive hydrogen fuel cell systems into the next generation of Navy unmanned undersea vehicles, or UUVs. Hydrogen fuel cell technology could augment ships and subs on patrol.

To bring this introductory overview current, we propose replacing the copy above with the updated and sourced information below:

GM Defense LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Motors established in October 2017 focused on reimagining advanced automotive technologies for the defense, aerospace and security markets.^[4]

GM Defense LLC develops solutions leveraging emerging technologies such as lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen fuel cell systems for land and underwater vehicles ^[5] and both stationary ^[6]and mobile power generation.^[7]

The company also develops telematics^[8] and cybersecurity systems,^[9] as well as vehicle platforms and propulsion systems based on diesel ^[10] and gasoline-powered engines^[11] and hybrid powertrains.^[12]

GM Defense LLC vehicle projects include the Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV), the Chevrolet ZH2 hydrogen fuel cell vehicle developed and tested with the US Army, ^[13] and SURUS (Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure), an autonomous modular platform concept.^[14]

The company named David Albritton, a Navy veteran and the company’s former executive director of product development and international communications, president of the company in December 2018. ^[15]

In August 2019, GM Defense LLC received a $1 million-dollar contract from the United States Army to develop two Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV) prototypes.^[16]^[17] GM Defense’s ISV is based on the Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 architecture, which leverages 70 percent commercial off-the-shelf components. ^[18]

Like the ISV, the ZH2 was also based on the mid-size Chevrolet Colorado ZR2.^[19] The ZH2, fitted with a hydrogen fuel cell and electric drive, produces no toxic emissions and has a minimal noise or thermal signature, enabling nearly silent watch and silent mobility missions on the battlefield. ^[20]

The company is also working with the Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory to incorporate automotive hydrogen fuel cell systems into the next generation of Navy unmanned undersea vehicles, or UUVs. Hydrogen fuel cell technology could augment ships and subs on patrol. ^[21] ^[22]

Current Projects

The existing Current Projects section contains outdated information that dates back to the previous incarnation of GM Defense referenced above. We propose replacing the existing table with the following (sourcing included within as well):

Model	Type	Notes
Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV)	Military truck	Nine-passenger, helicopter-transportable light military vehicle based on the Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 ^[23] utilizing 70 percent commercial off-the-shelf parts. ^[24] In June, 2019, the U.S. Army awarded a $1 million contract to GM Defense to develop two ISV prototypes for testing and evaluation.^[25] A production and deployment contract award decision is expected in 2020.
Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 (Concept)	Military truck	Extreme off-road-capable hydrogen fuel-cell/battery electric concept vehicle based on the Chevrolet Colorado ZR2. The Colorado ZH2 is the product of a joint venture between GM and TARDEC—the U.S. Army’s Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center.^[26]
SURUS - Silent Utility Rover Universal Super Structure (Concept)	Modular military platform	GM concept vehicle developed to demonstrate “the art of the possible” / potential of hydrogen fuel cells, autonomous driving and other technologies. ^[27]
UUV	Unmanned Underwater Vehicle	A partnership with General Motors and the Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory to demonstrate utility of hydrogen fuel cell systems in unmanned undersea vehicles, or UUVs.^[28]

History

The current line under the History section refers to the aforementioned sale of the original GM Defense to General Dynamics. To add additional context to the company’s history and incorporate verification/sourcing, we propose removing the following copy:

The original GM Defense (founded in 1950) organization and acquired by General Dynamics in 2003 and became part of the General Dynamics Land Systems division.

And replacing with this updated information:

General Motors founded a defense business named General Motors Defense in 1950, developing a series of military vehicles over five decades before selling the operation to General Dynamics in 2003, where it became part of the General Dynamics Land Systems division.^[29] ^[30]

Previous Products

Propose removing the current Wikitable due to information being outdated and unsourced. In its place, we recommend retaining the following line (with verification):

With the sale to General Dynamics, only GM Defense’s Stryker product lines are still in production.^[31]

Facilities

Outdated and unsourced list of facilities operated by the previous incarnation of GM Defense; recommend list for removal.

Clients

The previous incarnation of GM Defense provided vehicles and turret systems to the Canadian Forces, Romanian Land Forces and New Zealand Army ^[32], however, GM Defense LLC does not. As such, we recommend revising client list to only retain US Marine Corps, US Army, US Navy and US Air Force.

References

^ "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. A new division of General Motors Co.'s product development team is forming to meet the needs of global aerospace and defense customers, the company said Monday. GM Defense LLC was announced after the Detroit-based automaker in recent years has partnered with the U.S. military on fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
^ "General Dynamics to Acquire GM Unit in $1.1 Billion Deal". The Wall Street Journal. December 19, 2002. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Dynamics Corp. plans to acquire General Motors Corp.'s defense unit for $1.1 billion, making the diversified defense contractor the nation's leading maker of armored vehicles at a time when the world-wide market is expanding.
^ "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. A new division of General Motors Co.'s product development team is forming to meet the needs of global aerospace and defense customers, the company said Monday. GM Defense LLC was announced after the Detroit-based automaker in recent years has partnered with the U.S. military on fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
^ "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. A new division of General Motors Co.'s product development team is forming to meet the needs of global aerospace and defense customers, the company said Monday. GM Defense LLC was announced after the Detroit-based automaker in recent years has partnered with the U.S. military on fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
^ "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. 'Every year GM invests upwards of $7 billion to $9 billion in R&D,' he said. "That's a huge wealth of resources that we can leverage." That includes technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, hydrogen fuel cell systems and cybersecurity systems, he added. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.
^ "GM, Partners Unveil Project to Create Self-Supporting Stationery Fuel Cell". The Wall Street Journal. October 29, 2001. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors Corp. and three suppliers will announce Tuesday a demonstration project in California using a fuel cell to provide backup power for a cellular-phone tower. The announcement will mark GM's latest step toward the stationary fuel-cell market. The suppliers involved say they hope it also will provide lessons that they and GM can use to improve prototype fuel-cell systems to power cars and trucks. {{cite news}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 171 (help)
^ "GM's Using Old Chevy Volt Batteries to Power a Building". Wired. June 9, 2015. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Used Chevrolet Volt batteries are helping keep the lights on at the new General Motors Enterprise Data Center at its Milford Proving Ground in Milford, Michigan. Five Volt batteries work with an adjacent solar array and two wind turbines to help supply power to the data center's administrative offices.
^ "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. By adding telematics such as OnStar, military vehicles can access navigational information, secured communications, Bluetooth tracking and the vehicle's health for maintenance, all at the touch of a button.
^ "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. That includes technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, hydrogen fuel cell systems and cybersecurity systems, he added.
^ "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM's prototype is a modified version of GM's Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 midsize pickup. In fact, it's 70% off-the-shelf parts, said Albritton. The 2.8-liter diesel vehicle can carry up to nine soldiers.
^ "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. And while the ZR2 is available with a gasoline V6, the test trucks use its optional 2.8-liter four-cylinder turbodiesel engine, which is rated at 186 hp and 369 lb-ft of torque.
^ "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. 'But in the interim, having a hybridized solution of diesel and electric is definitely very feasible and a solution we're already working on with the Chevy Bolt, but in a militarized sense,' said Albritton.
^ "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors has landed a $1 million contract to build two midsize trucks for the U.S. Army. But they're pretty cool trucks. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch.
^ "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company most recently rolled out its Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure (SURUS) at an early October event in Warren. The SURUS is essentially a four-wheel concept vehicle built on a heavy-duty truck frame that's powered by two electric motors. The concept vehicle is a large flatbed, which can be outfitted with a cabin for a driver. It could potentially run autonomously.
^ "David Albritton moves into president role at GM Defense". PRWeek. December 5, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM Defense has named David Albritton as president, lead executive, and GM…Albritton was previously executive director of product development and international comms at GM Defense. Prior, he was GM's executive director of global product comms.
^ "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors has landed a $1 million contract to build two midsize trucks for the U.S. Army. But they're pretty cool trucks. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch.
^ "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors brought a unique machine to the 2019 SEMA Show, the Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV) prototype. GM was awarded $1 million to create development mules for the ISV—alongside Oshkosh Defense and Flyer Defense LLC, and SAIC and Polaris—for consideration for a U.S. Army production contract next year.
^ "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Helping keep costs down, GM's ISV utilizes 70 percent off-the-shelf parts, making it easier to produce since the company already builds the Colorado ZR2.
^ "GM Defense Quietly Shows Hardcore Chevy Silverado ZH2 In CG Video". Motor1.com. November 2, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. If ZH2 sounds familiar, it's because GM Defense built a Colorado ZH2 back in 2016 to test hydrogen fuel-cell applications for military use.
^ "GM, U.S. Army Unveil Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 Fuel Cell Truck". Motor Trend. October 3, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The concept is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell and was intended to explore hydrogen technology for military applications…One benefit a fuel cell offers over a traditional generator is its near-silent operation. Another is that water, a precious commodity in the field, is produced as a fuel cell's only emission. The trials will evaluate the ZH2 for its quietness, reduced thermal signature, electric wheel torque at all speeds, fuel consumption and range, and water production capabilities.
^ "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Finally, hydrogen and oxygen could be used on an unmanned platform under the sea, said Albritton. That would allow the Navy's submarines to stay under the surface significantly longer than traditional diesel-hybrid vessels. A hydrogen fuel cell submarine could stay underwater for weeks at a time and be much less costly than a nuclear submarine, which can stay submerged for months.
^ "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.
^ "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch. The trucks trade their pickup profiles for an open-top nine-passenger troop-toting configuration, with three rows of seating plus two side-facing seats in the rear. They're all equipped with four-point harnesses and the truck provides easy access since there are no doors, just a roll cage that offers attachments for gear. It can also be used to strap the truck under a UH-60 helicopter for a lift, unless you'd rather park it in a Ch-47 Chinook, where it fits just fine.
^ "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Helping keep costs down, GM's ISV utilizes 70 percent off-the-shelf parts, making it easier to produce since the company already builds the Colorado ZR2.
^ "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM's prototype is a modified version of GM's Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 midsize pickup. In fact, it's 70% off-the-shelf parts, said Albritton. The 2.8-liter diesel vehicle can carry up to nine soldiers.In June, the army named its three finalists.As a finalist, GM Defense won $1 million. The Army asked the finalists to create two more prototypes that it is currently testing.
^ "Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 Concept: An Experiment with an Eye toward the Military Vehicles of Tomorrow". Car and Driver. April 27, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. This Colorado ZH2 is the product of a joint venture between GM and TARDEC—the U.S. Army's Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center—that has been 10 years in the making. The frame is a stretched version of the one that underpins the pedestrian Chevrolet Colorado. It is also fitted with 37-inch tires and the fancy spool-valve dampers and off-road suspension borrowed from the Colorado ZR2 prerunner. The heavy breathing is to purge the system of water, which, like the electricity the stack produces, occurs when the fuel cell combines hydrogen with oxygen. If a fuel-cell-powered military vehicle makes it to production, the water produced is likely to be captured, filtered, and used by troops, although probably for washing and cleaning rather than for drinking.
^ "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company most recently rolled out its Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure (SURUS) at an early October event in Warren. The SURUS is essentially a four-wheel concept vehicle built on a heavy-duty truck frame that's powered by two electric motors. The concept vehicle is a large flatbed, which can be outfitted with a cabin for a driver. It could potentially run autonomously.
^ "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.
^ "General Motors Launches New Military Defense Division Called GM Defense". TopSpeed.com. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Of course, this isn't the first time General Motors has worked directly with the U.S. military. GM had a defense division from 1950 to 2003, similarly named General Motors Defense. That division was sold to General Dynamics.
^ "General Motors Trademarks Logo For GM Defense Military Division". Motor1.com. April 30, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM Defense division was sold to General Dynamics in 2003 for $1.1 billion and is now part of the General Dynamics Land Systems division
^ "General Dynamics to buy GM combat vehicle unit". Automotive News. December 19, 2002. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Dynamics, also a leading maker of combat ships and information systems, said it expects the all-cash deal to close in the first quarter of 2003. GM's defense unit expects $950 million in revenue in 2002 and has a backlog -- contracts from its customers -- of more than $1.5 billion. The deal follows a Pentagon decision to include $1.5 billion in the fiscal 2004 budget to pay for a fourth brigade of Stryker combat vehicles, which are being made by a joint venture of General Dynamics and the GM defense unit.
^ Hitt, Michael A. (2007). Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization (Concepts and Cases), Seventh Edition. Thomson South-Western. p. 126. ISBN 0-324-31694-1.

Photo Change Request

An impartial editor has reviewed the proposed edit(s) and asked the editor with a conflict of interest to go ahead and make the suggested changes.

NOTE: I’m proposing the following photo change request for FleishmanHillard on behalf of GM Defense. I am a paid editor and aware of the COI guidelines.

Photo Change Request - Infobox

The company logo currently used in the article’s infobox has since been replaced by a new version. I recently submitted the new logo to Wikimedia Commons on GM Defense’s behalf. We are hoping to have the logo that’s currently used in this article’s infobox exchanged for the correct version:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GM_Defense_Updated_Wordmark_Blue_Horizontal_RGB.png

Per the guidelines, I know editors with a COI may add/update article photos, which I’m happy to do, but first wanted to confirm I am clear to do so, or turn this over to another editor to handle. Please let me know how I should proceed. Thanks for your time and consideration. Jon Gray (talk) 18:41, 25 February 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Go ahead: I have reviewed these proposed changes and suggest that you go ahead and make the proposed changes to the page. Happy Editing--IAm Chaos 06:32, 26 February 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Oops I forgot that using the script does't ping @Jon Gray: Happy Editing--IAm Chaos 06:33, 26 February 2022 (UTC)[reply]

@IAmChaos: Thank you! Will do. Jon Gray (talk) 14:55, 28 February 2022 (UTC)[reply]

[1] "General Dynamics to Acquire GM Unit in $1.1 Billion Deal". The Wall Street Journal. December 19, 2002. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Dynamics Corp. plans to acquire General Motors Corp.'s defense unit for $1.1 billion, making the diversified defense contractor the nation's leading maker of armored vehicles at a time when the world-wide market is expanding.

[2] "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. A new division of General Motors Co.'s product development team is forming to meet the needs of global aerospace and defense customers, the company said Monday. GM Defense LLC was announced after the Detroit-based automaker in recent years has partnered with the U.S. military on fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[3] "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. A new division of General Motors Co.'s product development team is forming to meet the needs of global aerospace and defense customers, the company said Monday. GM Defense LLC was announced after the Detroit-based automaker in recent years has partnered with the U.S. military on fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[4] "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. 'Every year GM invests upwards of $7 billion to $9 billion in R&D,' he said. "That's a huge wealth of resources that we can leverage." That includes technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, hydrogen fuel cell systems and cybersecurity systems, he added. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.

[5] "GM, Partners Unveil Project to Create Self-Supporting Stationery Fuel Cell". The Wall Street Journal. October 29, 2001. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors Corp. and three suppliers will announce Tuesday a demonstration project in California using a fuel cell to provide backup power for a cellular-phone tower. The announcement will mark GM's latest step toward the stationary fuel-cell market. The suppliers involved say they hope it also will provide lessons that they and GM can use to improve prototype fuel-cell systems to power cars and trucks. {{cite news}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 171 (help)

[6] "GM's Using Old Chevy Volt Batteries to Power a Building". Wired. June 9, 2015. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Used Chevrolet Volt batteries are helping keep the lights on at the new General Motors Enterprise Data Center at its Milford Proving Ground in Milford, Michigan. Five Volt batteries work with an adjacent solar array and two wind turbines to help supply power to the data center's administrative offices.

[7] "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. By adding telematics such as OnStar, military vehicles can access navigational information, secured communications, Bluetooth tracking and the vehicle's health for maintenance, all at the touch of a button.

[8] "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. That includes technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, hydrogen fuel cell systems and cybersecurity systems, he added.

[9] "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM's prototype is a modified version of GM's Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 midsize pickup. In fact, it's 70% off-the-shelf parts, said Albritton. The 2.8-liter diesel vehicle can carry up to nine soldiers.

[10] "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. And while the ZR2 is available with a gasoline V6, the test trucks use its optional 2.8-liter four-cylinder turbodiesel engine, which is rated at 186 hp and 369 lb-ft of torque.

[11] "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. 'But in the interim, having a hybridized solution of diesel and electric is definitely very feasible and a solution we're already working on with the Chevy Bolt, but in a militarized sense,' said Albritton.

[12] "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors has landed a $1 million contract to build two midsize trucks for the U.S. Army. But they're pretty cool trucks. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch.

[13] "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company most recently rolled out its Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure (SURUS) at an early October event in Warren. The SURUS is essentially a four-wheel concept vehicle built on a heavy-duty truck frame that's powered by two electric motors. The concept vehicle is a large flatbed, which can be outfitted with a cabin for a driver. It could potentially run autonomously.

[14] "David Albritton moves into president role at GM Defense". PRWeek. December 5, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM Defense has named David Albritton as president, lead executive, and GM…Albritton was previously executive director of product development and international comms at GM Defense. Prior, he was GM's executive director of global product comms.

[15] "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors has landed a $1 million contract to build two midsize trucks for the U.S. Army. But they're pretty cool trucks. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch.

[16] "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors brought a unique machine to the 2019 SEMA Show, the Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV) prototype. GM was awarded $1 million to create development mules for the ISV—alongside Oshkosh Defense and Flyer Defense LLC, and SAIC and Polaris—for consideration for a U.S. Army production contract next year.

[17] "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Helping keep costs down, GM's ISV utilizes 70 percent off-the-shelf parts, making it easier to produce since the company already builds the Colorado ZR2.

[18] "GM Defense Quietly Shows Hardcore Chevy Silverado ZH2 In CG Video". Motor1.com. November 2, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. If ZH2 sounds familiar, it's because GM Defense built a Colorado ZH2 back in 2016 to test hydrogen fuel-cell applications for military use.

[19] "GM, U.S. Army Unveil Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 Fuel Cell Truck". Motor Trend. October 3, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The concept is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell and was intended to explore hydrogen technology for military applications…One benefit a fuel cell offers over a traditional generator is its near-silent operation. Another is that water, a precious commodity in the field, is produced as a fuel cell's only emission. The trials will evaluate the ZH2 for its quietness, reduced thermal signature, electric wheel torque at all speeds, fuel consumption and range, and water production capabilities.

[20] "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Finally, hydrogen and oxygen could be used on an unmanned platform under the sea, said Albritton. That would allow the Navy's submarines to stay under the surface significantly longer than traditional diesel-hybrid vessels. A hydrogen fuel cell submarine could stay underwater for weeks at a time and be much less costly than a nuclear submarine, which can stay submerged for months.

[21] "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.

[22] "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch. The trucks trade their pickup profiles for an open-top nine-passenger troop-toting configuration, with three rows of seating plus two side-facing seats in the rear. They're all equipped with four-point harnesses and the truck provides easy access since there are no doors, just a roll cage that offers attachments for gear. It can also be used to strap the truck under a UH-60 helicopter for a lift, unless you'd rather park it in a Ch-47 Chinook, where it fits just fine.

[23] "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Helping keep costs down, GM's ISV utilizes 70 percent off-the-shelf parts, making it easier to produce since the company already builds the Colorado ZR2.

[24] "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM's prototype is a modified version of GM's Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 midsize pickup. In fact, it's 70% off-the-shelf parts, said Albritton. The 2.8-liter diesel vehicle can carry up to nine soldiers.In June, the army named its three finalists.As a finalist, GM Defense won $1 million. The Army asked the finalists to create two more prototypes that it is currently testing.

[25] "Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 Concept: An Experiment with an Eye toward the Military Vehicles of Tomorrow". Car and Driver. April 27, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. This Colorado ZH2 is the product of a joint venture between GM and TARDEC—the U.S. Army's Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center—that has been 10 years in the making. The frame is a stretched version of the one that underpins the pedestrian Chevrolet Colorado. It is also fitted with 37-inch tires and the fancy spool-valve dampers and off-road suspension borrowed from the Colorado ZR2 prerunner. The heavy breathing is to purge the system of water, which, like the electricity the stack produces, occurs when the fuel cell combines hydrogen with oxygen. If a fuel-cell-powered military vehicle makes it to production, the water produced is likely to be captured, filtered, and used by troops, although probably for washing and cleaning rather than for drinking.

[26] "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company most recently rolled out its Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure (SURUS) at an early October event in Warren. The SURUS is essentially a four-wheel concept vehicle built on a heavy-duty truck frame that's powered by two electric motors. The concept vehicle is a large flatbed, which can be outfitted with a cabin for a driver. It could potentially run autonomously.

[27] "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.

[28] "General Motors Launches New Military Defense Division Called GM Defense". TopSpeed.com. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Of course, this isn't the first time General Motors has worked directly with the U.S. military. GM had a defense division from 1950 to 2003, similarly named General Motors Defense. That division was sold to General Dynamics.

[29] "General Motors Trademarks Logo For GM Defense Military Division". Motor1.com. April 30, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM Defense division was sold to General Dynamics in 2003 for $1.1 billion and is now part of the General Dynamics Land Systems division

[30] "General Dynamics to buy GM combat vehicle unit". Automotive News. December 19, 2002. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Dynamics, also a leading maker of combat ships and information systems, said it expects the all-cash deal to close in the first quarter of 2003. GM's defense unit expects $950 million in revenue in 2002 and has a backlog -- contracts from its customers -- of more than $1.5 billion. The deal follows a Pentagon decision to include $1.5 billion in the fiscal 2004 budget to pay for a fourth brigade of Stryker combat vehicles, which are being made by a joint venture of General Dynamics and the GM defense unit.

[31] Hitt, Michael A. (2007). Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization (Concepts and Cases), Seventh Edition. Thomson South-Western. p. 126. ISBN 0-324-31694-1.

[32] "Template:Request edit instructions". Wikipedia. 15 December 2019. Instructions for Reviewers: Do not insert major re-writes or controversial requests without clear consensus. When these are requested, ask the submitter to discuss the edits instead with regular contributors on the article's talk page. You can use {{edit COI|D|D}}.

[33] "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. A new division of General Motors Co.'s product development team is forming to meet the needs of global aerospace and defense customers, the company said Monday. GM Defense LLC was announced after the Detroit-based automaker in recent years has partnered with the U.S. military on fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[34] "General Dynamics to Acquire GM Unit in $1.1 Billion Deal". The Wall Street Journal. December 19, 2002. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Dynamics Corp. plans to acquire General Motors Corp.'s defense unit for $1.1 billion, making the diversified defense contractor the nation's leading maker of armored vehicles at a time when the world-wide market is expanding.

[35] "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. A new division of General Motors Co.'s product development team is forming to meet the needs of global aerospace and defense customers, the company said Monday. GM Defense LLC was announced after the Detroit-based automaker in recent years has partnered with the U.S. military on fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[36] "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. A new division of General Motors Co.'s product development team is forming to meet the needs of global aerospace and defense customers, the company said Monday. GM Defense LLC was announced after the Detroit-based automaker in recent years has partnered with the U.S. military on fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[37] "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. 'Every year GM invests upwards of $7 billion to $9 billion in R&D,' he said. "That's a huge wealth of resources that we can leverage." That includes technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, hydrogen fuel cell systems and cybersecurity systems, he added. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.

[38] "GM, Partners Unveil Project to Create Self-Supporting Stationery Fuel Cell". The Wall Street Journal. October 29, 2001. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors Corp. and three suppliers will announce Tuesday a demonstration project in California using a fuel cell to provide backup power for a cellular-phone tower. The announcement will mark GM's latest step toward the stationary fuel-cell market. The suppliers involved say they hope it also will provide lessons that they and GM can use to improve prototype fuel-cell systems to power cars and trucks. {{cite news}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 171 (help)

[39] "GM's Using Old Chevy Volt Batteries to Power a Building". Wired. June 9, 2015. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Used Chevrolet Volt batteries are helping keep the lights on at the new General Motors Enterprise Data Center at its Milford Proving Ground in Milford, Michigan. Five Volt batteries work with an adjacent solar array and two wind turbines to help supply power to the data center's administrative offices.

[40] "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. By adding telematics such as OnStar, military vehicles can access navigational information, secured communications, Bluetooth tracking and the vehicle's health for maintenance, all at the touch of a button.

[41] "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. That includes technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, hydrogen fuel cell systems and cybersecurity systems, he added.

[42] "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM's prototype is a modified version of GM's Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 midsize pickup. In fact, it's 70% off-the-shelf parts, said Albritton. The 2.8-liter diesel vehicle can carry up to nine soldiers.

[43] "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. And while the ZR2 is available with a gasoline V6, the test trucks use its optional 2.8-liter four-cylinder turbodiesel engine, which is rated at 186 hp and 369 lb-ft of torque.

[44] "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. 'But in the interim, having a hybridized solution of diesel and electric is definitely very feasible and a solution we're already working on with the Chevy Bolt, but in a militarized sense,' said Albritton.

[45] "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors has landed a $1 million contract to build two midsize trucks for the U.S. Army. But they're pretty cool trucks. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch.

[46] "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company most recently rolled out its Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure (SURUS) at an early October event in Warren. The SURUS is essentially a four-wheel concept vehicle built on a heavy-duty truck frame that's powered by two electric motors. The concept vehicle is a large flatbed, which can be outfitted with a cabin for a driver. It could potentially run autonomously.

[47] "David Albritton moves into president role at GM Defense". PRWeek. December 5, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM Defense has named David Albritton as president, lead executive, and GM…Albritton was previously executive director of product development and international comms at GM Defense. Prior, he was GM's executive director of global product comms.

[48] "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors has landed a $1 million contract to build two midsize trucks for the U.S. Army. But they're pretty cool trucks. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch.

[49] "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Motors brought a unique machine to the 2019 SEMA Show, the Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV) prototype. GM was awarded $1 million to create development mules for the ISV—alongside Oshkosh Defense and Flyer Defense LLC, and SAIC and Polaris—for consideration for a U.S. Army production contract next year.

[50] "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Helping keep costs down, GM's ISV utilizes 70 percent off-the-shelf parts, making it easier to produce since the company already builds the Colorado ZR2.

[51] "GM Defense Quietly Shows Hardcore Chevy Silverado ZH2 In CG Video". Motor1.com. November 2, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. If ZH2 sounds familiar, it's because GM Defense built a Colorado ZH2 back in 2016 to test hydrogen fuel-cell applications for military use.

[52] "GM, U.S. Army Unveil Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 Fuel Cell Truck". Motor Trend. October 3, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The concept is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell and was intended to explore hydrogen technology for military applications…One benefit a fuel cell offers over a traditional generator is its near-silent operation. Another is that water, a precious commodity in the field, is produced as a fuel cell's only emission. The trials will evaluate the ZH2 for its quietness, reduced thermal signature, electric wheel torque at all speeds, fuel consumption and range, and water production capabilities.

[53] "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Finally, hydrogen and oxygen could be used on an unmanned platform under the sea, said Albritton. That would allow the Navy's submarines to stay under the surface significantly longer than traditional diesel-hybrid vessels. A hydrogen fuel cell submarine could stay underwater for weeks at a time and be much less costly than a nuclear submarine, which can stay submerged for months.

[54] "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.

[55] "Chevrolet Colorado ZR2-based Infantry Squad Vehicle looks to enlist in US Army". Fox News. October 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The automaker's recently established GM Defense subsidiary has unveiled a Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 pickup-based Infantry Squad Vehicle that is being considered for acquisition by the military branch. The trucks trade their pickup profiles for an open-top nine-passenger troop-toting configuration, with three rows of seating plus two side-facing seats in the rear. They're all equipped with four-point harnesses and the truck provides easy access since there are no doors, just a roll cage that offers attachments for gear. It can also be used to strap the truck under a UH-60 helicopter for a lift, unless you'd rather park it in a Ch-47 Chinook, where it fits just fine.

[56] "Chevrolet Brings Colorado ZR2–Based Infantry Squad Vehicle to the 2019 SEMA Show". MSN. November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Helping keep costs down, GM's ISV utilizes 70 percent off-the-shelf parts, making it easier to produce since the company already builds the Colorado ZR2.

[57] "GM hopes to put vehicle technology in future military vehicles and make a fortune". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM's prototype is a modified version of GM's Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 midsize pickup. In fact, it's 70% off-the-shelf parts, said Albritton. The 2.8-liter diesel vehicle can carry up to nine soldiers.In June, the army named its three finalists.As a finalist, GM Defense won $1 million. The Army asked the finalists to create two more prototypes that it is currently testing.

[58] "Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 Concept: An Experiment with an Eye toward the Military Vehicles of Tomorrow". Car and Driver. April 27, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. This Colorado ZH2 is the product of a joint venture between GM and TARDEC—the U.S. Army's Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center—that has been 10 years in the making. The frame is a stretched version of the one that underpins the pedestrian Chevrolet Colorado. It is also fitted with 37-inch tires and the fancy spool-valve dampers and off-road suspension borrowed from the Colorado ZR2 prerunner. The heavy breathing is to purge the system of water, which, like the electricity the stack produces, occurs when the fuel cell combines hydrogen with oxygen. If a fuel-cell-powered military vehicle makes it to production, the water produced is likely to be captured, filtered, and used by troops, although probably for washing and cleaning rather than for drinking.

[59] "New GM product segment will focus on military". The Detroit News. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company most recently rolled out its Silent Utility Rover Universal Superstructure (SURUS) at an early October event in Warren. The SURUS is essentially a four-wheel concept vehicle built on a heavy-duty truck frame that's powered by two electric motors. The concept vehicle is a large flatbed, which can be outfitted with a cabin for a driver. It could potentially run autonomously.

[60] "WEB EXCLUSIVE: GM Defense Expanding Portfolio Beyond Vehicles". National Defense Magazine. November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020. The company is currently working with the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research on a hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned underwater vehicles, he noted.

[61] "General Motors Launches New Military Defense Division Called GM Defense". TopSpeed.com. October 9, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2020. Of course, this isn't the first time General Motors has worked directly with the U.S. military. GM had a defense division from 1950 to 2003, similarly named General Motors Defense. That division was sold to General Dynamics.

[62] "General Motors Trademarks Logo For GM Defense Military Division". Motor1.com. April 30, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2020. GM Defense division was sold to General Dynamics in 2003 for $1.1 billion and is now part of the General Dynamics Land Systems division

[63] "General Dynamics to buy GM combat vehicle unit". Automotive News. December 19, 2002. Retrieved February 13, 2020. General Dynamics, also a leading maker of combat ships and information systems, said it expects the all-cash deal to close in the first quarter of 2003. GM's defense unit expects $950 million in revenue in 2002 and has a backlog -- contracts from its customers -- of more than $1.5 billion. The deal follows a Pentagon decision to include $1.5 billion in the fiscal 2004 budget to pay for a fourth brigade of Stryker combat vehicles, which are being made by a joint venture of General Dynamics and the GM defense unit.

[64] Hitt, Michael A. (2007). Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization (Concepts and Cases), Seventh Edition. Thomson South-Western. p. 126. ISBN 0-324-31694-1.

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