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YJ-21

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YJ-21
TypeHypersonic anti-ship ballistic missile
Place of originChina
Service history
In service2022–present
Used byPeople's Liberation Army Navy
Production history
ManufacturerCALT?/SAST?
Specifications
Lengthapprox. 8.3 metres (27 ft)
WarheadConventional
Operational
range
approx. 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) (claimed)
Maximum speedMach 6 – Mach 10 (7,400–12,300 km/h) (claimed)
Launch
platform

The YJ-21 (Chinese: 鹰击-21; pinyin: Yīngjī-èryāo; lit. 'eagle strike 21') is a Chinese hypersonic anti-ship ballistic missile.[1][2]

History and development

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An export version called YJ-21E was showcased in Airshow China 2022, depicted underslung from the H-6K bomber.[3]

The air-launched YJ-21, also called KD-21, was showcased by Chinese state media in 2024.[4] The export version, YJ-21E, was displayed at the Zhuhai Airshow again in November 2024.[5] In July 2024, a photograph showed the H-6K bomber taking off while carrying four KD-21 missiles.[6] In the same year, the KD-21 was also depicted as part of the armaments for China's CH-Series unmanned aerial vehicles.[7]

In April 2025, the Chinese Air Force (PLAAF) official media account displayed H-6 bombers fitted with YJ-21 (KD-21) missiles.[8] This report confirmed for the first time that KD-21 is operational with the PLAAF.[9][10]

In 2022, an unidentified hypersonic missile was revealed by the Chinese Navy ahead of its 73rd anniversary, launching from a universal vertical launch system of the Type 055 destroyer. The Chinese Navy did not reveal the missile's designation, but defense analysts believed it to be the ship-launched version of the YJ-21.[1][11] However, with the emergence of the YJ-20 hypersonic missile in 2025, having a more closely aligned profile to the missile launched by Type 055 in 2022, analysts believed these were two separate missile developments.[12][13][14]

Design

[edit]

According to a 2023 People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force article, the missile has a cruise speed of Mach 6, and a terminal speed of Mach 10. The missile could be launched from China's Type 055 destroyer or the H-6 bomber.[15]

Variants

[edit]
YJ-21
Original designation
YJ-21E
Export variant[3]
KD-21
Air-launched ballistic missile. First shown at Airshow China 2022.[16] Four missiles can be carried at once by a H-6K bomber. This missile is derived from YJ-21[17] or CM-401 anti-ship ballistic missile.[18] The missile is speculated to serve both land attack and anti-ship roles, and serve alongside the larger KF-21 (NATO designation: CH-AS-X-13) aero-ballistic missile.[19][20]

Operators

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Chan, Minnie (20 April 2022). "Chinese navy shows off hypersonic anti-ship missiles in public". South China Morninhg Post.
  2. ^ Brown, Larisa (14 July 2022). "US building global constellation of satellites to track hypersonic missiles". The Times UK.
  3. ^ a b Williams, Zachary (21 November 2022). "Takeaways From China's Zhuhai Air Show 2022". The Diplomat.
  4. ^ "高超弹真敞开卖？鹰击21外贸版现身，搭配彩虹7一起下单效果更佳". Sohu News. 22 December 2024.
  5. ^ "YJ-21 Missile Underscores China's Hypersonic Weaponry Leadership". armyrecognition. 15 November 2024.
  6. ^ Satam, Parth; D'Urso, Stefano (14 July 2024). "China's H-6K Bomber Spotted Carrying Four Carrier-Killer Ballistic Missiles For The First Time". The Aviationist.
  7. ^ Satam, Parth (16 October 2024). "China's Carrier-Killing KD-21 Ballistic Missile Shown as Part of CH-Series UCAV's Munitions". The Aviationist.
  8. ^ Zhen, Liu; Wong, Enoch (3 April 2025). "Are Beijing's hypersonic anti-ship missiles in Taiwan Strait a warning for US?". South China Morning Post.
  9. ^ Malyasov, Dylan (1 April 2025). "Chinese bomber spotted carrying KD-21 ballistic missiles". Defense Blog.
  10. ^ Newdick, Thomas (1 April 2025). "China's KD-21 Air-Launched Ballistic Missile Appears To Be Operational". The War Zone.
  11. ^ Gatopoulos, Alex (22 April 2022). "Russia's Sarmat and China's YJ-21: What the missile tests mean". Aljazeera.
  12. ^ Trevithick, Joseph (19 August 2025). "All The New Chinese Missiles Spotted During Its Massive Military Parade Rehearsal". The War Zone.
  13. ^ Pryhodko, Roman (17 August 2025). "China to Demonstrate New Hypersonic and Supersonic Missiles at Beijing Parade". Militarnyi.
  14. ^ "对比东风-17：解析鹰击-20高超弹的独特优势与性能短板". Tencent News. 30 August 2025.
  15. ^ O'Rourke, Ronald (30 January 2024). China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for Congress (Report). 277. Congressional Research Service. p. 14. RL33153. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  16. ^ "Chinese bomber launches new ballistic missile". Janes. 3 May 2024. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024.
  17. ^ "Chinese H-6K bomber now carries twice the 2PZD-21 hypersonic missiles as previously believed". armyrecognition. 3 July 2021.
  18. ^ Barrie, Douglas (25 November 2022). "Chinas air show but dont tell weapons development". International Institute for Strategic Studies.
  19. ^ Newdick, Thomas (1 May 2024). "China's H-6K Bomber Seen Firing Air-Launched Ballistic Missile For First Time". The War Zone.
  20. ^ Barrie, Douglas (10 June 2022). "Catapulting China's Carrier Capabilities". International Institute for Strategic Studies.
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