Lakshmi

Si Lakshmi

Si Lakshmi (Sanskrito: लक्ष्मी, romanisado: Lakṣmī, na kun minsan binabaybay na Laxmi, lit. 'siya na namamayo nganing maotob an katuyohan nin sarong tawo'), midbid man na Shri (Sanskrit:श्री, romanisado: Śrī, lit.'Noble'), saro sa pangenot na mga diosa sa Hinduismo.[1] Siya an diosa nin kayamanan, kapaladan, kapangyarihan, kagayonan, pagkamainaki asin prosperidad, asin asosyado kay Maya ("Ilusyon").[2] Kaiba si Parvati asin Saraswati, siya an nagbibilog kan Tridevi kan mga diyosang Hindu.[3]

Sa laog kan sektang nakasentro sa mga diosa na Shaktismo, sinasamba si Lakshmi bilang an may prosperidad na aspekto kan diosang Ina.[4][5] Si Lakshmi iyo an konsorto sagkod an enerhiya nin Dios (shakti) kan dios na Hindu na si Vishnu, an Supremong Persona nin Vaishnavismo; Siya man an Supremong Diosa sa sekta asin nagtatabang ki Vishnu na magmukna, magprotehir, asin magliwat kan uniberso. Siya sarong prominenteng persona sa Sri Vaishnavism, na kun saen an debosyon ksy Lakshmi ibinibilang na importanteng makaabot kay Vishnu.[6][5][7][8] Kan si Vishnu naghilig sa daga bilang avatar, inibanan siya ni Lakshmi bilang consort, halimbawa, bilang si Sita asin Radha o Rukmini bilang consorts kan mga avatar ni Vishnu na Rama asin Krishna.[9][1][5] An walong prominenteng kapahayagan nin Lakshmi, an Ashtalakshmi, nagsisimbolo sa walong gikanan nin kayamanan.[10]

Ilinaladawan si Lakshmi sa arte nin India bilang eleganteng nakasulot, nag-aasensong babaeng bulawan an kolor na nagtitindog o nakatukaw sa posisyon na padmasana sa halangkaw na trono, mantang kapot an lotus na yaon sa saiyang kamot, nagsisimbolo nin kapaladan, sadiring kadunongan, asin espiritwal na katalingkasan.[11][12] An saiyang biograpiya nagpapaheling sa saiya nin apat na kamot, na nagrerepresentar sa apat na aspekto nin buhay nin tawo na mahalaga sa kulturang Hindu: dharma, kāma, artha, asin moksha.[13][14] An Lakshmi Sahasranama kan Skanda Purana, Lakshmi Tantra, Markandeya Purana, Devi Mahatmya, asin iskriturang Vedic ilinaladawan si Lakshmi na igwa nin walong o kagwalong kamot, asin nagtutukaw sa Garuda, sarong leon, o sarong tigre.[15][16][17] Segun sa Lakshmi Tantra, an diosang si Lakshmi, sa saiyang ultimong porma nin Mahasri, igwa nin apat na takyag nin sarong kublit na bulawan, asin may kapot na sitron, sarong klab, kalasag, asin sarong lalagan na may amrita.[18] Sa Skanda Purana asin sa Venkatachala Mahatmayam, Sri, o Lakshmi, inoomaw bilang ina ni Brahma.[19]

An arkeolohikong mga diskobremiento asin suanoy na mga sinsilyo nagsusuherir kan pagmidbid asin reberensia kay Lakshmi na nag - eeksister kan ika - 1 milenyo BCE.[20][21] An ladawan asin estatwa ni Lakshmi nanompongan man sa mga templong Hindu sa bilog na Habagatan - Sirangan na Asya, na kinakarkulong poon sa ikaduwang kabanga kan enot na milenyo CE.[22][23] An aldaw nin Lakshmi Puja durante kan Navaratri, asin an mga kapiestahan nin Deepavali asin Sharad Purnima (Kojagiri Purnima) sineselebrar sa saiyang onra.[24]

Toltolan

[baguhon | baguhon an source]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (4 July 2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. ISBN 9781135963903. 
  2. ↑ Ph.D, James G. Lochtefeld (2001-12-15). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 1 (in English). The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8. 
  3. ↑ Mark W. Muesse. The Hindu Traditions: A Concise Introduction. Fortress Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-1451414004. 
  4. ↑ Upendra Nath Dhal (1978). Goddess Laksmi: Origin and Development. Oriental Publishers & Distributors. p. 109. Goddess Lakşmī is stated as the genetrix of the world; she maintains them as a mother ought to do . So she is often called as the Mātā. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Williams, George M. (2003). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. ABC-CLIO, Inc. pp. 196–8. ISBN 1-85109-650-7. 
  6. ↑ Anand Rao (2004). Soteriologies of India. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 167. ISBN 978-3-8258-7205-2. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2016. 
  7. ↑ Sashi Bhusan Dasgupta (2004). Evolution of Mother Worship in India. Advaita Ashrama (A Publication House of Ramakrishna Math, Belur Math). p. 20. ISBN 9788175058866. 
  8. ↑ Carman, John Braisted (1989). The Tamil Veda : Piḷḷān's interpretation of the Tiruvāymol̲i. Vasudha Narayanan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-09305-0. OCLC 18624684. 
  9. ↑ Monaghan, Patricia (2010-12-31). Goddesses in World Culture (in English). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-35465-6. 
  10. ↑ James G. Lochtefeld (15 December 2001). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 1. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 65. ISBN 978-0823931798. 
  11. ↑ James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 385–386. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8. Retrieved 15 October 2016. 
  12. ↑ Heinrich Robert Zimmer (2015). Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization. Princeton University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4008-6684-7. Retrieved 15 October 2016. 
  13. ↑ Rhodes, Constantina. 2011.
  14. ↑ "Divali – THE SYMBOLISM OF LAKSHMI."
  15. ↑ D. R. Rajeswari (1989). Sakti Iconography. Intellectual Publishing House. p. 19. ISBN 9788170760153. According to Sapta Sati the iconographical characteristics of Lakshmi are as follows: She is having 18 hands carrying rosary, axe, mace, arrow, thunderbolt, lotus, pitcher, rod, Sakti, Sword, Shield, Conch, bell, wine-cup, trident, noose and the discus 
  16. ↑ Saligrama Krishna Ramachandra Rao (1991). Pratima Kosha: Descriptive Glossary of Indian Iconography, Volume 5. IBH Prakashana. p. 65. 
  17. ↑ H. C. Das (1985). Cultural Development in Orissa. Punthi Pustak. p. 337. The Bisvakarmasastra depicts her holding a pot, a club in her right hands, and a shield and a wood apple in the left. The Markandeya Purana describes the developed form of Laksmi having as many as 18 hands. 
  18. ↑ Sanjukta Gupta (2007). Lakshmi Tantra. MOTILAL BANARIDAS. p. 23. ISBN 9788120817340. 
  19. ↑ Jaitentra Prakash Jain (1951). Skand Puran (PDF). Motilal banarasidas. p. 66. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2022-10-17. Obeisance to Sri. the mother of the worlds. Obeisance, obeisance to the mother of Brahma. Hail to you, to the lotuseyed one. Obeisance, obeisance to the lotus-faced one 
  20. ↑ Singh, Upinder. 2009.
  21. ↑ Vishnu, Asha. 1993.
  22. ↑ Roveda, Vitorio. 2004.
  23. ↑ Jones, Soumya. 2007.
  24. ↑ Jones, Constance. 2011.