Lijevi centar

Crvena zastava, simbol pokreta ljevice i lijevog centra
Crvena ruža, simbol demokratije i anti-autoritarizma u načinu djelovanja protiv društvenih nepravdi[1][2][3]

Lijevi centar ili umjerena ljevica, u političkoj teoriji, je naziv za poziciju na političkom spektru.

Označava političke ideje, političke stranke i političke pokrete koji po svojim temeljnim programskim određenjima pripadaju političkoj ljevici, ali u svojoj praktičnoj platformi imaju dosta kompromisnih sadržaja što ih približava političkom centru, te ih se zbog toga ne može nazvati političkom ljevicom u klasičnom smislu.

Političke stranke i organizacije koje se smatraju lijevim centrom najčešće nastoje pronaći kompromis između socijalno-odgovornih i pragmatičnih sadržaja u svojim programima. Od njih su najpoznatije stranke, organizacije i pokreti socijaldemokratske orijentacije, koji se najčešće nazivaju lijevim centrom.

Pojam lijevog centra se često koristi i za opis koalicije koju čine stranke ljevice i centra.

Lijevi centar na političkom spektru predstavlja ljevicu okrenutu političkom pragmatizmu.[4][5] Pragmatična politika lijevog centra se usmjerava samo na minimalni program, kojim u okviru ustanova predstavničke, parlamentarne demokratije i tržišne kapitalističke ekonomije nastoji sprovesti djelimičnu promjenu putem aktivne ekonomske uloge javnog sektora, javnih institucija i servisa koji bi trebalo da rade na ublažavanju nepravdi koje nanosi neregulirani, liberalni model kapitalizma.[6][7][8][9][10][11] Praktično ostvarenje takve djelimične promjene u okviru ustanova parlamentarne demokratije i tržišne kapitalističke ekonomije uobičajeno se naziva socijalno odgovornom državom ili državom blagostanja.[8][12][13][14][15] Lijevi centar se smatra umjerenom strujom u suvremenom ljevičarskom pokretu.[16][17][18][19]

Karakteristike

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Obilježja lijevog centra:[11][20][21]

Umjerena progresivna stranka u matičnom toku zemlje koja je zasnovana na parlamentarnoj demokratiji i tržišnoj kapitalističkoj ekonomiji, sa glasačkim tijelom kako u nižoj klasi tako i u srednjoj klasi, mogla bi biti opisana kao politička stranka lijevog centra.[22][23] Dok bi stranka sa većim zahtjevima i ciljevima, koja ima glasačko tijelo među onim dijelom malobrojnije, ali svjesnije srednje i niže klase, fizičke i intelektualne, te sa historijom podrške i učešća u emancipacijskim i progresivnim pokretima, mogla biti opisana kao stranka radikalnije, nove ljevice.[24][25][26][27]

Političke stranke lijevog centra, kao i druge suvremene ljevičarske stranke, uobičajeno ističu sljedeće vrijednosti:[28]

  • sloboda — ne samo ljudske slobode, nego i sloboda od diskriminacije, sloboda demokratskog sudjelovanja i sloboda od zavisnosti, ekstremnog siromaštva, straha i zlouporabe političke, ekonomske i druge moći i položaja;
  • jednakost — ne samo pred zakonom, nego i jednake šanse i mogućnosti za sve ljude u raznim oblastima života, bez obzira na identitetske različitosti, uključujući i one osobe sa poteškoćama bilo koje vrste;
  • solidarnost — pokazivanje razumijevanja i saosjećanja prema osobama koje su žrtve nekog oblika diskriminacije, nepravde, neravnopravnosti ili nezgodnog sticaja okolnosti, te osobna spremnost zajedničkog djelovanja sa drugima na pronalaženju načina za umanjivanje i sprječavanje takvih pojava. Ovo načelo podrazumijeva i razvijanje institucionalnih oblika solidarnosti, te internacionalne solidarnosti.
Clement Attlee, umjereni ljevičar i premijer Velike Britanije (1945-1951)
Vili Brant, umjereni ljevičar i kancelar Nemačke (1969-1974)
Ulof Palme, umjereni ljevičar i premijer Švedske (1969-1976 i 1982-1986)
Helen Klark, umjerena ljevičarka i premijerka Novog Zelanda (1999-2008)

Lijevi centar se opire svakom obliku autoritarizma i jednopartizma.[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Stoga, lijevi centar se opire konceptima jednopartijske vladavine takozvanih komunističkih partija 20. stoljeća.[37][38][39]

Popis političkih stranaka lijevog centra i umjerene ljevice

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Popis političara lijevog centra i umjerene ljevice

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Povezano

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Izvori

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  10. ^ Aspalter, Christian (2001). Importance of Social Democratic Movements in Welfare Politics: With Special Reference to Germany, Austria and Sweden. Huntington, New York: Nova Science Publishers. Lijevi centar
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