Ο NGC 4318 έχει μικρό[3] κλασικό εξόγκωμα[10] και στον πυρήνα του υπάρχει αστρικός δίσκος διαμέτρου περίπου 70 ετών φωτός.[11] Έξω από τον αστρικό δίσκο υπάρχει σαφώς ορισμένη περιοχή χαμηλής επιφανειακής φωτεινότητας διαμέτρου περίπου 230 ετών φωτός η οποία περιβάλεται από μεγαλύτερο εξωτερικό δίσκο.[3][12]
↑ 2,02,12,2Merritt, David; Anthony, Andre; Peng, Eric; Jordan, Andres; Ferrarese, Laura; West, Michael; Tonry, John; Cote, Patrick και άλλοι. (2007-02-20). «The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. SBF Distance Catalog and the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Virgo Cluster» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal655 (1): 144–162. doi:10.1086/509598. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...655..144M.
↑ 3,03,13,23,3Bender, Ralf; Cornell, Mark E.; Fisher, David B.; Kormendy, John (2009). «Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series182 (1): 216–309. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/182/1/216. Bibcode: 2009ApJS..182..216K.
↑Couch, Warrick J.; Forbes, Duncan A.; Hau, George K. T.; Spolaor, Max (2010-07-05). «Early-type galaxies at large galactocentric radii - I. Stellar kinematics and photometric properties» (στα αγγλικά). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society408 (1): 254–271. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17282.x. Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.408..254S.
↑West, Michael J.; Tonry, John L.; Peng, Eric W.; Infante, Leopoldo; Ferrarese, Laura; Cote, Patrick; Mei, Simona; Jordan, Andres και άλλοι. (2009-01-08). «The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. V. Measurement and Recalibration of Surface Brightness Fluctuations and a Precise Value of the Fornax--Virgo Relative Distance» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal694 (1): 556–572. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/694/1/556. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...694..556B.
↑West, Michael J.; Tonry, John L.; Infante, Leopoldo; Mei, Simona; Kissler-Patig, Markus; Ferrarese, Laura; Cote, Patrick; Blakeslee, John P. και άλλοι. (2010-04-16). «The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. VIII. The Luminosity Function of Globular Clusters in Virgo and Fornax Early-Type Galaxies and its Use as a Distance Indicator» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal717 (2): 603–616. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/717/2/603. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...717..603V.
↑ 9,09,1Schindler, Sabine; Vikhlinin, Alexey; Nulsen, Paul E. J.; Li, Zhiyuan; Churazov, Eugene; Zhuravleva, Irina; Zhang, Zhongli; Randall, Scott W. και άλλοι. (2012-03-07). «Chandra observations of NGC4342, an optically faint, X-ray gas-rich early-type galaxy» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal755 (1): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/755/1/25. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...755...25B.
↑Romanowsky, Aaron J.; Fall, S. Michael (2018-08-07). «Angular Momentum and Galaxy Formation Revisited: Scaling Relations for Disks and Bulges» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal868 (2): 133. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaeb27. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...868..133F.
↑West, Michael J.; Tonry, John L.; Milosavljevic, Milos; Merritt, David; Mei, Simona; Piatek, Slawomir; Blakeslee, John P.; Peng, Eric W. και άλλοι. (2006-02-14). «The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. VI. Isophotal Analysis and the Structure of Early-Type Galaxies» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series164 (2): 334–434. doi:10.1086/501350. Bibcode: 2006ApJS..164..334F.
↑Gallo, Elena; Treu, Tommaso; Marshall, Philip J.; Woo, Jong-Hak; Leipski, Christian; Antonucci, Robert (2010-05-01). «AMUSE-Virgo. II. Down-sizing in Black Hole Accretion». The Astrophysical Journal714 (1): 25–36. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/714/1/25. ISSN0004-637X. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...714...25G.
↑Antonucci, Robert; Miller, Brendan P.; Woo, Jong-Hak; Treu, Tommaso; Gallo, Elena; Leipski, Christian (2011-11-29). «AMUSE-VIRGO. III: mid-infrared photometry of early-type galaxies and limits on obscured nuclear emission» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal744 (2): 152. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/744/2/152.
↑«VizieR». vizier.u-strasbg.fr. Ανακτήθηκε στις 1 Σεπτεμβρίου 2019.
↑Alessi, Matthew; Harris, Gretchen L. H.; Harris, William E. (2013-06-10). «A Catalog of Globular Cluster Systems: What Determines the Size of a Galaxy's Globular Cluster Population?» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal772 (2): 82. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/772/2/82. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...772...82H.
↑West, Andrew A.; Tonry, John L.; Mei, Simona; Ferrarese, Laura; Chen, Chin-Wei; Blakeslee, John P.; West, Michael J.; Takamiya, Marianne και άλλοι. (2008-03-04). «The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey XV. The Formation Efficiencies of Globular Clusters in Early-Type Galaxies: The Effects of Mass and Environment» (στα αγγλικά). The Astrophysical Journal681 (1): 197. doi:10.1086/587951. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...681..197P.