Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
Le Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, ou PPG, est un groupe international informel de botanistes systématiciens qui collaborent pour établir un consensus sur la classification des ptéridophytes (lycophytes et fougères) qui reflète les connaissances sur les relations entre les plantes découvertes par des études phylogénétiques. En 2016, le groupe a publié une classification des ptéridophytes existants, appelée « PPG I ». L'article comptait 94 auteurs (26 principaux et 68 supplémentaires)[1].
Phylogénie
[modifier | modifier le code]La classification a été basée sur une phylogénie consensuelle, présentée ci-dessous au niveau de l'ordre[1].
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Le très vaste ordre des Polypodiales a été divisé en deux sous-ordres, ainsi que des familles non placées dans un sous-ordre[1]:
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Classification au niveau de la sous-famille
[modifier | modifier le code]Au niveau de la sous-famille, la classification PPG I est la suivante[1] :
- Class Lycopodiopsida Bartl. (3 orders, 3 families, 18 genera)
- Order Lycopodiales DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl (1 family, 16 genera)
- Family Lycopodiaceae P.Beauv. (16 genera)
- Subfamily Lycopodielloideae W.H.Wagner & Beitel ex B.Øllg. (4 genera)
- Subfamily Lycopodioideae W.H.Wagner & Beitel ex B. Øllg. (9 genera)
- Subfamily Huperzioideae W.H.Wagner & Beitel ex B. Øllg. (3 genera)
- Order Isoëtales Prantl (1 family, 1 genus)
- Family Isoëtaceae Dumort. (1 genus)
- Order Selaginellales Prantl (1 family, 1 genus)
- Family Selaginellaceae Willk (1 genus)
- Class Polypodiopsida Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm. (11 orders, 48 families, 319 genera)
- Subclass Equisetidae Warm. (1 order, 1 family, 1 genus)
- Order Equisetales DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl (1 family, 1 genus)
- Subclass Equisetidae Warm. (1 order, 1 family, 1 genus)
- Family Equisetaceae Michx. ex DC (1 genus)
- Subclass Ophioglossidae Klinge (2 orders, 2 families, 12 genera)
- Order Psilotales Prant (1 family, 2 genera)
- Subclass Ophioglossidae Klinge (2 orders, 2 families, 12 genera)
- Family Psilotaceae J.W.Griff. & Henfr. (2 genera)
- Order Ophioglossales Link (1 family, 10 genera)
- Family Ophioglossaceae Martinov (10 genera)
- Subfamily Helminthostachyoideae C.Presl (1 genus)
- Subfamily Mankyuoideae J.R.Grant & B.Dauphin (1 genus)
- Subfamily Ophioglossoideae C.Presl (4 genera)
- Subfamily Botrychioideae C.Presl (4 genera)
- Subclass Marattiidae Klinge (1 order, 1 family, 6 genera)
- Order Marattiales Link (1 family, 6 genera)
- Subclass Marattiidae Klinge (1 order, 1 family, 6 genera)
- Family Marattiaceae Kaulf (6 genera)
- Subclass Polypodiidae Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm. (7 orders, 44 families, 300 genera)
- Order Osmundales Link (1 family, 6 genera)
- Subclass Polypodiidae Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm. (7 orders, 44 families, 300 genera)
- Family Osmundaceae Martinov (6 genera)
- Order Hymenophyllales A.B.Frank (1 family, 9 genera)
- Family Hymenophyllaceae Mart (9 genera)
- Subfamily Trichomanoideae C.Presl (8 genera)
- Subfamily Hymenophylloideae Burnett (1 genus)
- Order Gleicheniales Schimp (3 families, 10 genera)
- Family Matoniaceae C.Pres (2 genera)
- Family Dipteridaceae Seward & E.Dale (2 genera)
- Family Gleicheniaceae C.Presl (6 genera)
- Order Schizaeales Schimp. (3 families, 4 genera)
- Family Lygodiaceae M.Roem (1 genus)
- Family Schizaeaceae Kaulf (2 genera)
- Family Anemiaceae Link (1 genus)
- Order Salviniales Link (2 families, 5 genera)
- Family Salviniaceae Martinov (2 genera)
- Family Marsileaceae Mirb. (3 genera)
- Order Cyatheales A.B.Frank (8 families, 13 genera)
- Family Thyrsopteridaceae C.Presl (1 genus)
- Family Loxsomataceae C.Presl (2 genera)
- Family Culcitaceae Pic.Serm (1 genus)
- Family Plagiogyriaceae Bowe (1 genus)
- Family Cibotiaceae Koral (1 genus)
- Family Metaxyaceae Pic.Serm. (1 genus)
- Family Dicksoniaceae M.R.Schomb. (3 genera)
- Family Cyatheaceae Kaulf. (3 genera)
- Order Polypodiales Link (26 families, 253 genera)
- Suborder Saccolomatineae Hovenkamp (1 family, 1 genus)
- Family Saccolomataceae Doweld (1 genus)
- Suborder Lindsaeineae Lehtonen & Tuomist (3 families, 9 genera)
- Family Cystodiaceae J.R.Croft (1 genus)
- Family Lonchitidaceae Doweld (1 genus)
- Family Lindsaeaceae C.Presl ex M.R.Schomb. (7 genera)
- Suborder Pteridineae J.Prado & Schuettp (1 family, 53 genera)
- Family Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn. (53 genera)
- Subfamily Parkerioideae Burnett (2 genera)
- Subfamily Cryptogrammoideae S.Lindsay (3 genera)
- Subfamily Pteridoideae Link (13 genera)
- Subfamily Vittarioideae Link (12 genera)
- Subfamily Cheilanthoideae Horvat (23 genera)
- Family Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn. (53 genera)
- Suborder Dennstaedtiineae Schwartsb. & Hovenkamp (1 family, 10 genera)
- Family Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy (10 genera)
- Suborder Aspleniineae H.Schneid. & C.J.Rothf (11 families, 72 genera)
- Family Cystopteridaceae Shmakov (3 genera)
- Family Rhachidosoraceae X.C.Zhang (1 genus)
- Family Diplaziopsidaceae X.C.Zhang & Christenh. (2 genera)
- Family Desmophlebiaceae Mynssen (1 genus)
- Family Hemidictyaceae Christenh. & H.Schneid. (1 genus)
- Family Aspleniaceae Newman (2 genera)
- Family Woodsiaceae Herter (1 genus)
- Family Onocleaceae Pic.Serm. (4 genera)
- Family Blechnaceae Newman (24 genera)
- Subfamily Stenochlaenoideae (Ching) J.P.Roux (3 genera)
- Subfamily Woodwardioideae Gasper (3 genera)
- Subfamily Blechnoideae Gasper, V.A.O.Dittrich & Salino (18 genera)
- Family Athyriaceae Alston (3 genera)
- Family Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm. (30 genera)
- Subfamily Phegopteridoideae Salino, A.R.Sm. & T.E.Almeid (3 genera)
- Subfamily Thelypteridoideae C.F.Reed (27 genera)
- Suborder Polypodiineae Dumort. (9 families, 108 genera)
- Family Didymochlaenaceae Ching ex Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang (1 genus)
- Family Hypodematiaceae Ching (2 genera)
- Family Dryopteridaceae Herter (26 genera)
- Subfamily Polybotryoideae H.M.Liu & X.C.Zhang (7 genera)
- Subfamily Elaphoglossoideae (Pic.Serm.) Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel (11 genera)
- Subfamily Dryopteridoideae Link (6 genera)
- 2 genera not assigned to a subfamily
- Family Nephrolepidaceae Pic.Serm. (1 genus)
- Family Lomariopsidaceae Alston (4 genera)
- Family Tectariaceae Panigrahi (7 genera)
- Family Oleandraceae Ching ex Pic.Serm. (1 genus)
- Family Davalliaceae M.R.Schomb. (1 genus)
- Family Polypodiaceae J.Presl & C.Presl (65 genera)
- Subfamily Loxogrammoideae H.Schneid. (2 genera)
- Subfamily Platycerioideae B.K.Nayar (2 genera)
- Subfamily Drynarioideae Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel (6 genera)
- Subfamily Microsoroideae B.K.Nayar (12 genera)
- Subfamily Polypodioideae Sweet (9 genera)
- Subfamily Grammitidoideae Parris & Sundue (33 genera)
- 1 genus not assigned to a subfamily
- Suborder Saccolomatineae Hovenkamp (1 family, 1 genus)
- Order Polypodiales Link (26 families, 253 genera)
Notes et références
[modifier | modifier le code](en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group » (voir la liste des auteurs).
- (en) PPG I, « A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns », Journal of Systematics and Evolution, vol. 54, no 6, , p. 563–603 (lire en ligne, consulté le )
