Beeldenstorm

Beeldenstorm en neerlandés, que pode ser traducido como Tormenta das estatuas, Tormenta das imaxes, Asalto ás imaxes ou Furia iconoclasta, foron os ataques e destrución de imaxes relixiosas que tiveron lugar en Europa durante o século XVI.

Estes brotes iconoclastas destruíron elementos de arte católica nas igrexas e mosteiros e tamén en lugares públicos en accións non oficiais e foron realizados por parte de turbas nominalmente protestantes como parte da Reforma Protestante.

Termo

O termo neerlandés é referido especificamente á vaga de disturbios e ataques do verán de 1566 que se propagou rapidamente de sur a norte dos Países Baixos españois, brotes iconoclastas similares tiñan ocorrido anteriormente noutros sitios de Europa, especialmente durante a Reforma na Antiga Confederación Suíza e no Sacro Imperio Romano Xermánico entre 1522 e 1566, especialmente en Zúrich (en 1523), Copenhague (1530), Münster (1534), Xenebra (1535), e Augsburgo (1537).

En Inglaterra, a partir de 1535, retiráronse imaxes en actuacións alentadas polo goberno e tamén houbo ataques espontáneos, mentres que un proceso similar tivo lugar en Escocia a partir de 1559.^[2] En Francia a partir de 1560 houbo varios brotes como parte das Guerras de relixión francesas.

Notas

↑ analysed in Arnade, 146 (quoted); see also Art through time Arquivado 03 de marzo de 2016 en Wayback Machine.
↑ John Phillips, Reformation of Images: Destruction of Art in England, 1535-1660, (Berkeley: University of California Press) 1973.

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

Arnade, Peter J., Beggars, Iconoclasts, and Civic Patriots: the Political Culture of the Dutch Revolt, Cornell University Press, 2008, ISBN 0-8014-7496-5, ISBN 978-0-8014-7496-5
Charney, Noah, Stealing the Mystic Lamb: The True Story of the World's Most Coveted Masterpiece, PublicAffairs, 2010, ISBN 1-58648-800-7, ISBN 978-1-58648-800-0
Eire, Carlos M.N., War Against the Idols: The Reformation of Worship from Erasmus to Calvin, Cambridge University Press, 1989, ISBN 0-521-37984-9, ISBN 978-0-521-37984-7
Elliott, J.H., Europe divided, 1559-1598, many edns, pages refs from Blackwell classic histories of Europe, Wiley-Blackwell, 2nd edn. 2000 (1st edn 1968), ISBN 0-631-21780-0, ISBN 978-0-631-21780-0
Lesger, Clé, The rise of the Amsterdam market and information exchange: merchants, commercial expansion and change in the spatial economy of the Low Countries, c. 1550-1630, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006, ISBN 0-7546-5220-3, ISBN 978-0-7546-5220-5
Miola, Robert S., Early modern Catholicism: an anthology of primary sources, Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-19-925985-2, ISBN 978-0-19-925985-4
Montias, John Michael. Vermeer and His Milieu: A Web of Social History, Princeton University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-691-00289-4, ISBN 978-0-691-00289-7
Petegree, Andrew. Emden and the Dutch revolt: exile and the development of reformed Protestantism, Oxford University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-19-822739-6, ISBN 978-0-19-822739-7
Ramsay, George Daniel, The Queen's merchants and the revolt of the Netherlands: the end of the Antwerp mart, Part 2 of The end of the Antwerp mart, Manchester University Press ND, 1986, ISBN 0-7190-1849-8, ISBN 978-0-7190-1849-7
Spicer, Calvinist churches in early modern Europe, Manchester University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-7190-5487-7, ISBN 978-0-7190-5487-7
Vlieghe, H., Flemish art and architecture, 1585-1700. Yale University Press Pelican history of art, 1998, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-07038-1
Wagner, Roger, "Art and Faith", Ch. 10 in: Harries, Richard and Brierley, Michael W. (eds), Public life and the place of the church: reflections to honour the Bishop of Oxford, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, 2006, ISBN 0-7546-5301-3, ISBN 978-0-7546-5301-1
Wells, Guy, William of Orange and the Princely Virtues, in Mack, Phyllis and Jacob, Margaret C. (eds), Politics and Culture in Early Modern Europe: Essays in Honour of H. G. Koenigsberger, Cambridge University Press, 1987, ISBN 0-521-52702-3, ISBN 978-0-521-52702-6
Freedberg, David, Iconoclasm and painting in the revolt of the Netherlands, 1566-1609, 1988, Garland, ISBN 978-0-8240-0087-5

Outros artigos

[1] ysed in Arnade, 146 (quoted); see also Art through time Arquivado 03 de marzo de 2016 en Wayback Machine.

[2] John Phillips, Reformation of Images: Destruction of Art in England, 1535-1660, (Berkeley: University of California Press) 1973.

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