Sinima a Libya

Sinima a Libya
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 27°N 17°E / 27°N 17°E / 27; 17
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Sinimar Libya ta kasance tana da tarihi daban daban. Ko da yake an sami ƙarancin samar da fina-finai na gida a Italiyar Libya da Masarautar Libya, wasan cinema ya zama sanannen wurin nishaɗi. Tun daga shekarar 1973 Muammar Gaddafi ya yi ƙoƙarin sarrafa fina-finai. Ko da yake ya karfafa gwiwar yin fim na cikin gida, toshewar da ya yi na cin fina-finan kasashen waje ya sa an rufe gidajen sinima. A cikin rashin zaman lafiya bayan shekara ta 2011 a Libya, fatan sake dawowa da cinema na Libya tare da rashin kayan aiki.

Sinima kafin 1967

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Fim na farko da aka fara dauka a kasar Libya shi ne shirin da Faransa ta yi a 1910, Les habitants du desert de Lybie.[1] Italiya, a matsayinta na mulkin mallaka, ta yi wasu gajerun shirye-shirye game da Libya. [2] Libya faɗace-faɗace a lokacin yakin duniya na II aka rufe a Birtaniya, Jamus da kuma Italian newsreels . Bayan yakin, kamfanonin mai da hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa sun yi fim ɗin lokaci-lokaci. [1] Bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1951, Masarautar Libiya ta yi wasu gajerun fina-finai game da Leptis Magna don karfafa yawon shakatawa. Amma duk da haka Libya ta kasance matalauta kuma an sami karancin shirya fina-finai a kasar. [2] A shekarar 1959 Ma’aikatar Labarai da Guildance ta kafa sashen fina-finai, inda ta zagaya kasar da faifan bidiyo da labarai na milimita 16, kuma ma’aikatar ilimi da ilmantarwa ta shirya wasu fina-finai na ilimi. [1]

Duk da ƙarancin samar da fina-finai, cin fim ya shahara sosai a matsayin nishaɗi. An kafa fim ɗin farko na ƙasar tun a shekara ta 1908, [3] ko da yake an ba da rahoton rugujewa bayan mamayar Italiya a Libiya a 1911. Italiyanci sun kafa gidajen sinima, galibi amma ba don masu sauraron Italiya kawai ba, a cikin manyan biranen Libya. [1] Daga shekarun 1940 har zuwa tsakiyar 1960s, Libya tana alfahari da yawan gidajen sinima: a kusa da 14 [2] ko 20 [4] a Tripoli, kuma kusan 10 a Benghazi. Cinema a Tripoli sun hada da filin wasa na Arena Giardino da kuma gidan sinima na Royal, wanda Gaddafi zai canza sunan Al-Shaab (The People). [4]

Sinima ƙarƙashin Gaddafi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Gaddafi ya hau mulki a shekarar 1969. Ya ɗauki fina-finan waje tare da tuhuma, game da su a matsayin mulkin mallaka na al'adun Amurka. A baya fina-finan da aka yi a Libya su ne na masu shirya fina-finai na kasashen waje - fina-finai kamar Albert Herman 's 1942 A Yank in Libya ko Guy Green ta 1958 Tekun Yashi . [1] Fim ɗin farko na Libya, Abdella Zarok na baki-da-fari Lokacin da Fate Hardens / Destiny is Hard ya fito a 1972. [2] A cikin 1973 aka kafa Babban Majalisar Cinema, don ɗaukar ikon yin fim da ginin sinima a Libya. An mayar da fina-finan ƙasashen waje zuwa Larabci, kuma ana bukatar su bi tsarin al'adun gwamnati, hade da dokokin addini da kishin ƙasa. Yawancin fina-finai da aka yi a gida sun kasance raye-raye, kuma an inganta yanayin zamantakewa a matsayin manufa don fina-finai na almara. [1] Babban Majalisar Cinema ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa shekarar 2010. Ya yi rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce, a kusa da gajerun fina-finai 20-25, kuma ya taimaka tallafawa ƴan fina-finan fasalin da aka yi a cikin shekarun 1970 da 1980. [2]

Gaddafi ya yi amfani da ikon kai tsaye kan shirya fina-finai. Misali, ya sanya ido kan sakin wani fim da Kasem Hwel, mai neman Layla al-Amiriya ya yi . Gaddafi ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finan Masar. A tsakiyar shekarun 1970 ne gwamnati ta kara daukar nauyin duk gidajen sinima kai tsaye, tare da hana shigo da fina-finai, sannan aka fara rufe gidajen sinima. [2]

Tare da Kuwait da Maroko, gwamnatin Gadaffi ta ɗauki nauyin labarin fim na shekarar 1976 da Mustafa Akkad ya yi game da haihuwar Musulunci, Saƙo . Duk da haka, yawancin ƙasashen Larabawa ba za su nuna fim ɗin ba, kuma ya haifar da Ƙungiyar Islama ta kewaye gine-ginen ofisoshin uku a Washington, DC [5] Akkad's Lion of the Desert (1981), wanda gwamnatin Gadaffi ta ba da kuɗi, wani fim ne na tarihi wanda ya nuna. da makiyayi shugaban Omar Mukhtar juriya a kan Italian mulkin mallaka na Libya . An tace fim ɗin a Italiya har zuwa 2009.

A cikin shekarata 2009 an sanar da cewa ɗan Gaddafi, al-Saadi Gaddafi, yana ba da kuɗin tallafin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da ke da hannu wajen tallafawa fina -finan Hollywood kamar The Experiment (2010) da Warewa (2011). [1] A cikin shekarar 2009-2010 kamfanonin ƙasashen waje sun amince su sake gyara da bude gidajen sinima da gidajen sinima na Libya. Duk da haka, juyin juya halin 2011 ya haifar da wannan aikin ya tsaya, kuma an sace yawancin kayan aiki. [3]

Sinima daga 2011

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayan faduwar Gaddafi, an yi sha'awar sake tabbatuwar fina-finan Libiya na kanta. Duk da haka, an kawo cikas ga sake dawo da gidajen sinima ta hanyar fada da adawar Islama. Matasan masu yin fina-finai na Libya sun fara yin gajeren fina-finai, tare da goyon baya daga Majalisar Biritaniya da Cibiyar Nazarin Labaran Scotland.[5] Bukukuwan fina-finai a Tripoli da Benghazi sun shahara amma masu kishin Islama sun kai hari.[6] An kafa bikin Fim na Bahar Rum na Duniya don Takardun Takaddun Takaddun Takaddun Takaddun da Gajerun Fina-finai a cikin shekarar 2012.[2] A cikin 2013 an kafa kulob na cinema cikin basira a cikin ginshiƙi na gidan kayan fasaha na Tripoli.[6] A shekara ta 2015 gidan fim guda ne kawai ya rage a Tripoli, wurin da maza kawai ke ba da fina-finai ga ƴan bindigar da ke iko da birnin.[4]

A watan Disamba na shekarata 2017 Erato Festival, an kaddamar da bikin fina-finai na fina-finai na kare hakkin bil'adama a Tripoli . An bude shi da Docudrama Jasmine na Almohannad Kalthoum.[7]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Film in Libya, in Annette Kuhn & Guy Westwell, A Dictionary of Film Studies, Oxford University Press, online version, 2012.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Hans-Christian Mahnke and Ramadan Salim, On Film and cinema in Libya – Interview with Libyan film critic and festival director Ramadan Salim, African Film Festival, Inc., 2014.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mahmoud Darwesh and Nawas Darraji, Spotlight: Cinemas, theaters in Libya face extinction Archived 2018-11-14 at the Wayback Machine, Xinhua, 1 May 2018.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Rim Taher, Tripoli's 'Cinema Paradise' hold out as other cinemas shut doors, Middle East Eye, 4 September 2015.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Steve Rose, Lights, camera, revolution: the birth of Libyan cinema after Gaddafi's fall, The Guardian, 1 October 2012
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ghaith Shennib, Young Libyans find escape in Tripoli's art cinema, Reuters, 16 May 2013.
  7. ↑ Abdulkader Assad, Erato Cinema Festival kicks off in Tripoli Archived 2019-12-29 at the Wayback Machine, The Libya Observer, December 11, 2017.


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