Stygobromus

Stygobromus
Stygobromus kenki
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Arthropoda
Subfilum:	Krustasea
Kelas:	Malacostraca
Ordo:	Amphipoda
Famili:	Crangonyctidae
Genus:	Stygobromus Cope, 1872 [1]
Spesies tipe
Stygobromus vitreus Cope, 1872 [2]

Stygobromus adalah sebuah genus krustasea amfipoda yang hidup di habitat subterania. Sejumlah besar spesies hidup di Amerika Utara,^[3] dan sejumlah kecil speies juga diketahui hidup di Eurasia.^[4] Kebanyakan spesies Amerika Utara hidup di wilayah yang tak tertutupi oleh Lapisan Es Laurentide, meskipun beberapa spesies tampaknya bertahan hidup di bawah es tersebut.^[5] Sejumlah spesies berada di IUCN Red List sebagai spesies terancam atau spesies rentan; semua spesies terdaftar adalah endemik di Amerika Serikat. Satu spesies, S. lucifugus, telah punah. Stygobromus meliputi spesies-spesies berikut ini:^[6]

• Stygobromus abditus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus ackerlyi Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
• Stygobromus alabamensis (Stout, 1911)
• Stygobromus albapinus Taylor & Holsinger, 2011 (Nevada)^[7]
• Stygobromus allegheniensis (Holsinger, 1967) (New York sampai Virginia Barat)
• Stygobromus ambulans (F. Müller, 1846)
• Stygobromus anastasiae Sidorov, Holsinger et Takhteev, 2010 (Russia)
• Stygobromus apscheronia (Derzhavin, 1945) (Azerbaijan)
• Stygobromus araeus (Holsinger, 1969) ^[8] (Virginia)
• Stygobromus arizonensis Holsinger, 1974 ^[9]
• Stygobromus balconis (Hubricht, 1943) ^[10]
• Stygobromus baroodyi Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus barri (Holsinger, 1967) ^[11]
• Stygobromus barryi Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
• Stygobromus behningi (Birstein, 1948)
• Stygobromus bifurcatus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[12]
• Stygobromus biggersi Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia sampai Pennsylvania)
• Stygobromus blinni Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus borealis Holsinger, 1978 (Vermont, New York)
• Stygobromus boultoni Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus bowmani (Holsinger, 1967) ^[13]
• Stygobromus canadensis Holsinger, 1980
• Stygobromus carolinensis Holsinger, 1978 (Carolina Utara)
• Stygobromus chamberlaini Ellis, 1941
• Stygobromus cherylae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus clantoni (Creaser, 1934) ^[14]
• Stygobromus coeca (Dobraenu & Manolache, 1951)
• Stygobromus coloradensis Ward, 1977
• Stygobromus conradi (Holsinger, 1967) ^[15] (Virginia)
• Stygobromus cooperi (Holsinger, 1967) ^[16] (Virginia Barat)
• Stygobromus cowani Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus culveri Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia Barat)
• Stygobromus cumberlandus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus curroae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus dejectus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[17]
• Stygobromus dentata (Hubricht, 1943)
• Stygobromus dershavini (Behning, 1928)
• Stygobromus dicksoni Holsinger, 1978 (Alabama, Georgia)
• Stygobromus donensis (Martynov, 1919)
• Stygobromus duplus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus elatus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[18]
• Stygobromus elliotti Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus emarginatus (Hubricht, 1943) ^[19] (Maryland, Virginia Barat)
• Stygobromus ephemerus (Holsinger, 1969) ^[20] (Virginia)
• Stygobromus estesi Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus exilis Hubricht, 1943
• Stygobromus fecundus Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
• Stygobromus fergusoni Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus finleyi Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
• Stygobromus flagellatus (J. E. Benedict, 1896) ^[21]
• Stygobromus fontinalis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus franzi Holsinger, 1978 (Maryland)
• Stygobromus gallawayae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus glacialis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus gracilipes (Holsinger, 1967) (Virginia sampai Pennsylvania)
• Stygobromus gradyi Holsinger, 1974 ^[22]
• Stygobromus grahami Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus grandis Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
• Stygobromus hadenoecus (Holsinger, 1966) ^[23]
• Stygobromus harai Holsinger, 1974 ^[24]
• Stygobromus hayi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) ^[25] (Distrik Columbia)
• Stygobromus herbsti Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus heteropodus Hubricht, 1943 ^[26]
• Stygobromus hoffmani Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus holsingeri Ward, 1977
• Stygobromus hubbardi Holsinger, 2009^[27]
• Stygobromus hubbsi Shoemaker, 1942 ^[28]
• Stygobromus hyporheicus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus hyrcana (Dershavin, 1939)
• Stygobromus idahoensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus imperialis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus indentatus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[29] (Carolina Utara, Virginia)
• Stygobromus inexpectatus Holsinger, 1978 (Alabama)
• Stygobromus interitus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus intermedia (Dobreanu, Manolache & Piascariu, 1952)
• Stygobromus interstitialis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus iowae Hubricht, 1943
• Stygobromus jakutana (Martynov, 1931)
• Stygobromus jemezensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus johanseni (Shoemaker, 1920)
• Stygobromus kazakhstanica Kulkina, 1992
• Stygobromus kenki Holsinger, 1978 (Distrik Columbia, Virginia)
• Stygobromus lacicolus Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus lanensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus latus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus leensis Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus lepida (Mateus & Mateus, 1991)
• Stygobromus levanidovae (G. Karaman, 1991)
• Stygobromus limbus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus longidactylus (S. Karaman, 1929)
• Stygobromus longipes (Holsinger, 1966) ^[30]
• Stygobromus lucifugus (Hay, 1882) ^[31]
• Stygobromus mackenziei Holsinger, 1974 ^[32]
• Stygobromus mackini Hubricht, 1943 (Tennessee sampai Virginia Barat)
• Stygobromus meschtscherica (Borutsky, 1929)
• Stygobromus mikhaili Sidorov, Holsinger et Takhteev, 2010 (Rusia)
• Stygobromus minutus Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
• Stygobromus montanensis Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus montanus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[33]
• Stygobromus morrisoni (Holsinger, 1967) ^[34] (Virginia, Virginia Barat)
• Stygobromus mundus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[35] (Virginia)
• Stygobromus myersae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus mysticus Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus nanus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia Barat)
• Stygobromus nortoni (Holsinger, 1969) ^[36]
• Stygobromus obrutus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus obscurus Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus onondagaensis (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) ^[37]
• Stygobromus oregonensis Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus ozarkensis (Holsinger, 1967) ^[38]
• Stygobromus parvus (Holsinger, 1969) ^[39] (Virginia)
• Stygobromus pecki (Holsinger, 1967) ^[40]
• Stygobromus pennaki Ward, 1977
• Stygobromus philareti (Birstein, 1948)
• Stygobromus phreaticus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus pizzinii (Shoemaker, 1938) ^[41] (Virginia sampai Pennsylvania)
• Stygobromus pollostus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus pseudospinosus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus pusillus (Martynov, 1930) (Rusia)
• Stygobromus putealis (Holmes, 1909) ^[42]
• Stygobromus puteanus Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus quatsinensis Holsinger & Shaw, 1987
• Stygobromus rallus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus redactus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia Barat)
• Stygobromus reddelli (Holsinger, 1966) ^[43]
• Stygobromus rudolphi Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus russelli (Holsinger, 1967)
• Stygobromus saltuaris Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus secundus Bousfield & Holsinger, 1981
• Stygobromus sheldoni Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus sierrensis Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus simplex Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus smithi Hubricht, 1943 ^[44]
• Stygobromus sparsus Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
• Stygobromus spinatus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[45] (Virginia Barat)
• Stygobromus spinosus (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) (Virginia)
• Stygobromus stadukhini (Derzhavin, 1930)
• Stygobromus stegerorum Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus stellmacki (Holsinger, 1967) ^[46] (Pennsylvania)
• Stygobromus subtilis (Hubricht, 1943) ^[47]
• Stygobromus tahoensis Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus tenuis (S. I. Smith, 1874) (Connecticut sampai Maryland)
• Stygobromus trinus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus tritus Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus urospinatus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus utahensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus vitreus Cope, 1872
• Stygobromus wachuschtii (Behning, 1940)
• Stygobromus wahkeenensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus wardi Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus wengerorum Holsinger, 1974 ^[48]

Referensi

1. "Stygobromus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 
2. John R. Holsinger (1978). "Systematics of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Gammaridae). Part II: Species of the Eastern United States". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 266: 1–144. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.266. 
3. David C. Culver; John R. Holsinger; Mary C. Christman; Tanja Pipan (2010). "Morphological differences among eyeless amphipods in the genus Stygobromus dwelling in different subterranean habitats". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 30 (1): 68–74. doi:10.1651/09-3156.1 .  Parameter |name-list-style= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
4. John R. Holsinger (1987). "Redescription of the stygobiont amphipod crustacean Stygobromus pusillus (Crangonyctidae) from the Soviet Union, with comments on taxonomic and zoogeographic relationships". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 7 (2): 249–257. doi:10.2307/1548605. JSTOR 1548605. 
5. John R. Holsinger. "Stygobromus – Distribution Map". Old Dominion University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-03. Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
6. Jim Lowry (2009). "Stygobromus Cope, 1872". World Register of Marine Species. Diakses tanggal June 25, 2010. 
7. Steven Taylor; John Holsinger (2011). "A new species of the subterranean amphipod crustacean genus Stygobromus (Crangonyctidae) from a cave in Nevada, USA". Subterranean Biology. 8: 39–48. doi:10.3897/subtbiol.8.1230 .  Parameter |name-list-style= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
8. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus araeus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
9. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus arizonensis". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
10. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus balconis". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
11. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus barri". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
12. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus bifurcatus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
13. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus bowmani". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
14. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus clantoni". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
15. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus conradi". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
16. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus cooperi". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
17. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus dejectus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
18. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus elatus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
19. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus emarginatus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
20. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus ephemerus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
21. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus flagellatus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
22. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus gradyi". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
23. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus hadenoecus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
24. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus harai". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
25. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus araeus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
26. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus heteropodus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
27. Holsinger, J. R (2009). "Stygobromus hubbardi". World Register of Marine Species. Diakses tanggal January 30, 2019. 
28. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus hubbsi". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
29. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus indentatus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
30. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus longipes". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
31. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus lucifugus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
32. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus mackenziei". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
33. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus montanus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
34. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus morrisoni". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
35. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus mundus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
36. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus nortoni". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
37. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus onondagaensis". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
38. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus ozarkensis". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
39. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus parvus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
40. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus pecki". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
41. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus pizzinii". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
42. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus putealis". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
43. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus reddelli". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
44. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus smithi". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
45. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus spinatus". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
46. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus stellmacki". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
47. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus subtilis". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010. 
48. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus wengerorum". Diakses tanggal June 24, 2010.