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John E. Hill: Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
A. F. P. Hulsewé og M.A.N. Loewe: China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty, 1979. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
J. P. Mallory og Victor H. Mair: The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. Thames & Hudson. London. 2000.
Aurel M. Stein: Ancient Khotan: Detailed report of archaeological explorations in Chinese Turkestan, 2 vols. Clarendon Press. Oxford, 1907. [2]
Thomas Watters: On Yuan Chwang’s Travels in India. London. Royal Asiatic Society. Reprint: Delhi. Mushiram Manoharlal. 1973. Først utgitt 1904-1905.