Fermentibacteria

Fermentibacteria
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Kingdom:	Pseudomonadati
Phylum:	Fermentibacterota corrig. Kirkegaard 2016
Class[1]
"Fermentibacteria"
Synonyms
"Aegiribacteria" Hamilton et al. 2016 "Fermentibacteria" (sic)

Fermentibacteria (formerly Hyd24-12) is a bacterial phylum with candidate status.^[2]

The original clone sequence used to define Fermentibacteria as a phylum (AJ535232) was recovered from the Hydrate Ridge cold seep environment (Cascadia Margin, offshore from OR, USA).^[3] The first genomes from this phylum were recovered from samples of full-scale mesophilic anaerobic digesters at Danish wastewater treatment facilities.^[2] All three genomes recovered were inferred to represent organisms that rely on fermentation of simple sugars as an energy source, and thus the name "Fermentibacteria" (as in "to ferment") was proposed.^[2]

Members of this phylum have been detected in a broad range of environments, including methane seeps,^[4] coral reef sands,^[5] and the dolphin mouth.^[6]

Classification

See also: Bacterial taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).^[7]

120 marker proteins based GTDB 10-RS226[8][9][10]
"Ca. Fermentibacter" Kirkegaard et al. 2016 "Ca. Aegiribacteria" Hamilton et al. 2016 "Ca. Sabulitectum" Saad et al. 2017

• Class "Fermentibacteria" Kirkegaard 2016
  • Order "Fermentibacterales" Kirkegaard 2016
    • Family "Fermentibacteraceae" Kirkegaard 2016
      • Genus "Candidatus Aegiribacteria" Hamilton et al. 2016^[11][12]
      • Genus "Candidatus Fermentibacter" Kirkegaard 2016
        • Species "Ca. F. daniensis" Kirkegaard 2016^[2]
      • Genus "Candidatus Sabulitectum" Saad et al. 2017
        • Species "Ca. S. silens" Saad et al. 2017^[13]

See also

• List of bacterial orders
• List of bacteria genera

References

1. Fermentibacterota in LPSN; Freese, H. M.; Meier-Kolthoff, J. P.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Afolayan, A. O.; Göker, M. (29 October 2025). "TYGS and LPSN in 2025: a Global Core Biodata Resource for genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within DSMZ Digital Diversity". Nucleic Acids Research. 53: D1–D12. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1110.
2. Kirkegaard, Rasmus Hansen; Dueholm, Morten Simonsen; McIlroy, Simon Jon; Nierychlo, Marta; Karst, Søren Michael; Albertsen, Mads; Nielsen, Per Halkjær (October 2016). "Genomic insights into members of the candidate phylum Hyd24-12 common in mesophilic anaerobic digesters". The ISME Journal. 10 (10): 2352–2364. doi:10.1038/ismej.2016.43. ISSN 1751-7370. PMC 5030696. PMID 27058503.
3. Knittel, Katrin; Boetius, Antje; Lemke, Andreas; Eilers, Heike; Lochte, Karin; Pfannkuche, Olaf; Linke, Peter; Amann, Rudolf (July 2003). "Activity, Distribution, and Diversity of Sulfate Reducers and Other Bacteria in Sediments above Gas Hydrate (Cascadia Margin, Oregon)". Geomicrobiology Journal. 20 (4): 269–294. doi:10.1080/01490450303896. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-D20F-2. ISSN 0149-0451. S2CID 140639772.
4. Ruff, S. Emil; Biddle, Jennifer F.; Teske, Andreas P.; Knittel, Katrin; Boetius, Antje; Ramette, Alban (2015-03-16). "Global dispersion and local diversification of the methane seep microbiome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (13): 4015–4020. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.4015R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1421865112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4386351. PMID 25775520.
5. Schöttner, Sandra; Pfitzner, Barbara; Grünke, Stefanie; Rasheed, Mohammed; Wild, Christian; Ramette, Alban (2011-05-09). "Drivers of bacterial diversity dynamics in permeable carbonate and silicate coral reef sands from the Red Sea". Environmental Microbiology. 13 (7): 1815–1826. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02494.x. ISSN 1462-2912. PMC 3207121. PMID 21554515.
6. Dudek, Natasha K.; Sun, Christine L.; Burstein, David; Kantor, Rose S.; Aliaga Goltsman, Daniela S.; Bik, Elisabeth M.; Thomas, Brian C.; Banfield, Jillian F.; Relman, David A. (2017-12-18). "Novel Microbial Diversity and Functional Potential in the Marine Mammal Oral Microbiome" (PDF). Current Biology. 27 (24): 3752–3762.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.040. ISSN 1879-0445. PMID 29153320.
7. Schoch CL; et al. "Fermentibacterota". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2025-06-05.
8. "GTDB release 10-RS226". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
9. "bac120_r226.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
10. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
11. Aegiribacteria in LPSN; Freese, H. M.; Meier-Kolthoff, J. P.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Afolayan, A. O.; Göker, M. (29 October 2025). "TYGS and LPSN in 2025: a Global Core Biodata Resource for genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within DSMZ Digital Diversity". Nucleic Acids Research. 53: D1–D12. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1110.
12. Schoch CL; et al. "Aegiribacteria". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2025-06-05.
13. Saad, Sainab; Bhatnagar, Srijak; Tegetmeyer, Halina E.; Geelhoed, Jeanine S.; Strous, Marc; Ruff, S. Emil (2017). "Transient exposure to oxygen or nitrate reveals ecophysiology of fermentative and sulfate-reducing benthic microbial populations". Environmental Microbiology. 19 (12): 4866–4881. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13895. ISSN 1462-2920. PMC 5763382. PMID 28836729.