Kẹo gậy Giáng sinh

Kẹo gậy Giáng sinh
Candy cane
	Kẹo gậy truyền thống
Tên khác	Peppermint stick
Loại	Chế biến mứt kẹo
Xuất xứ	Đức
Thành phần chính	Đường, phụ gia (thường là bạc hà)
	[[wikibooks:vi:Đặc biệt:Tìm kiếm/Nấu ăn: Kẹo gậy Giáng sinh; Candy cane\|Nấu ăn: Kẹo gậy Giáng sinh; Candy cane]]; Media: Kẹo gậy Giáng sinh; Candy cane;

Kẹo gậy Giáng sinh (tiếng Anh: candy cane) là một loại kẹo cứng hình cái gậy, chủ yếu gắn liền với lễ Giáng sinh^[1] và Ngày Thánh Nicholas.^[2] Theo truyền thống, kẹo có 2 sọc trắng đỏ và hương bạc hà, tuy nhiên hiện nay kẹo có nhiều phiên bản với các hương vị và màu sắc khác nhau.

Lịch sử

Một ghi chép về triển lãm năm 1837 của Hiệp hội Cơ khí từ thiện Massachusetts, nơi nhiều loại bánh kẹo được trưng bày, đã có cập đến "kẹo que".^[3] Công thức làm kẹo que bạc hà màu trắng với các sọc màu cũng đã được xuất bản trong cuốn sách dạy nấu ăn The Complete Confectioner, Pastry-Cook, and Baker năm 1844.^[4] Tuy nhiên, tài liệu sớm nhất về "kẹo gậy" được tìm thấy trong truyện ngắn "Tom Luther's Stockings", xuất bản trên tạp chí Ballou's Monthly năm 1866. Khi đó, nó được mô tả là có kích thước "rất lớn", nhưng không đề cập đến màu sắc hoặc hương vị.^[5] Tạp chí hàng tháng Nursery nhắc tới "kẹo que" dịp Giáng sinh vào năm 1874,^[6] còn tờ Babyland miêu tả "những chiếc kẹo gậy xoắn dài" được treo trên cây thông Noel năm 1882.^[7]

Hương bạc hà có tác dụng xua đuổi động vật. Những chiếc kẹo gậy bạc hà treo trên cây thông Noel vì vậy được cho là có thể xua đuổi các loài động vật như chuột, không cho chúng phá hoại cây.

Liên hệ với Công giáo

Theo truyền thuyết, vào năm 1670 ở Cologne, Đức, nhạc trưởng Nhà thờ lớn Köln đã yêu cầu thợ kẹo làm một vài cây kẹo cho đám trẻ để chúng trật tự khi ông làm hoạt cảnh trong đêm Giáng sinh.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] Để tìm lý do cho trẻ con kẹo trong Thánh lễ, ông bảo người thợ uốn cong một đầu cây kẹo, giúp chúng nhớ tới việc linh mục ghé thăm Chúa Jesus lúc mới chào đời.^[8]^[9]^[10] Màu kẹo trắng cũng là để dạy chúng niềm tin vào cuộc đời không có tội lỗi của Chúa.^[8]^[9]^[10] Bắt đầu từ đây, loại kẹo này phổ biến ra toàn châu Âu, được tặng trong các buổi diễn tả cảnh Chúa ra đời.^[9]^[11]^[12]

Tham khảo

^ Hartel, Richard W.; Hartel, AnnaKate (2014). Candy Bites: The Science of Sweets. New York: Springer. tr. 53. ISBN 978-1-4614-9383-9 – qua Google Books. The candy cane is said to have its origins at Christmas time in Germany circa 1670. A church choirmaster in Cologne gave sticks of hard candy with a crook at the end to the children in his choir to keep them quiet during long Christmas services.
^ “American Christmas Tree Journal”. National Christmas Tree Association. 2005: 40 – qua Google Books. St. Nicholas Day is celebrated on the anniversary of his death in 343 A.D. The candy cane is said to represent the crozier, or bishop's staff, of St. Nicholas. Chú thích journal cần |journal= (trợ giúp)
^ First Exhibition and Fair of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, at Faneuil and Quincy Halls, in the City of Boston, September 18, 1837. Boston: Dutton and Wentworth, for the association. 1837. tr. 25 – qua Google Books.
^ Parkinson, Eleanor (1844). The Complete Confectioner, Pastry-Cook, and Baker. Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard – qua Google Books.
^ Bates, M. A. (January–June 1866). “Tom Luther's Stockings”. Ballou's Monthly Magazine. 23: 236–238 – qua Google Books.
^ “Benny's Letter”. The Nursery. 15: 18. 1874 – qua Google Books.
^ “Round the Christ-mas Tree”. Babyland. 6 (1): 8. tháng 1 năm 1882 – qua Google Books.
^ ^a ^b ^c Parker, Rick (2003). Introduction to Food Science. Albany, New York: Delmar/Thomson Learning. ISBN 0-7668-1314-2 – qua Google Books. In 1670, the choirmaster at the Cologne Cathedral gave sugar sticks to his young singers to keep them quiet during the long Living Crèche ceremony. In honor of the occasion, he had the candies bent into the shepherd's crooks. In 1847, a German-Swedish immigrant named August Imgard of Wooster, Ohio decorated a small pine tree with paper ornaments and candy canes.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Haidle, Helen (2007). Christmas Legends to Remember. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Honor Books. ISBN 978-1-56292-534-5 – qua Google Books. Around 1670, a choirmaster of a cathedral in Cologne, Germany, handed out sugar sticks to his young singers. At Christmas, in honor of the birth of Jesus, the choirmaster bent the sugar sticks at one end, forming the shape of a shepherd's crook. These white candy canes helped keep the children quiet during the long Christmas Eve Nativity service. From Germany, the use of candy shepherds' staffs spread across Europe, where plays of the Christmas Nativity were accompanied by gifts of the sweet "shepherds' crooks."
^ ^a ^b ^c Collins, Ace (2003). Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. ISBN 0-310-24880-9 – qua Google Books. Church history records that in 1670 the choirmaster at Germany's Cologne Cathedral was faced with a problem that still challenges parents, teachers, and choir In ancient Cologne, as well as in thousands of churches today, the children in the choir often grew restless and noisy during the long services. He sought out a local candy maker, and after looking over the treats in his shop, the music leader paused in front of some white sweet sticks. Yet the choirmaster wondered if the priests and parents would allow him to give the children in his choir candy to eat during a church service. The choirmaster asked the candy maker if he could bend the sticks and make a crook at the top of each one. The candy would not be just a treat; it would be a teaching tool. The choirmaster decided that the candy's pure white color would represent the purity of Christ. The crook would serve as a way for the children to remember the story of the shepherds who came to visit the baby Jesus. The shepherds carried staffs or canes, and with the hook at the top of the stick, the candy now looked like a cane.
^ ^a ^b “It's Christmas Season: My, How Sweet It Is!”. The Milwaukee Journal. 13 tháng 12 năm 1968. In 1670, a choirmaster at Germany's Cologne cathedral bent the ends of some sugar sticks to represent shepherds' crooks, and distributed them to youngsters. The practice spread.^{[liên kết hỏng]}
^ Hartel, Richard W.; Hartel, AnnaKate (2014). Candy Bites: The Science of Sweets. New York: Springer. tr. 53. ISBN 978-1-4614-9383-9 – qua Google Books. The candy cane is said to have its origins at Christmas time in Germany circa 1670. A church choirmaster in Cologne gave sticks of hard candy with a crook at the end to the children in his choir to keep them quiet during long Christmas services.

[HartelHartel2014-1] Hartel, Richard W.; Hartel, AnnaKate (2014). Candy Bites: The Science of Sweets. New York: Springer. tr. 53. ISBN 978-1-4614-9383-9 – qua Google Books. The candy cane is said to have its origins at Christmas time in Germany circa 1670. A church choirmaster in Cologne gave sticks of hard candy with a crook at the end to the children in his choir to keep them quiet during long Christmas services.

[ACTJ-2] “American Christmas Tree Journal”. National Christmas Tree Association. 2005: 40 – qua Google Books. St. Nicholas Day is celebrated on the anniversary of his death in 343 A.D. The candy cane is said to represent the crozier, or bishop's staff, of St. Nicholas. Chú thích journal cần |journal= (trợ giúp)

[3] First Exhibition and Fair of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, at Faneuil and Quincy Halls, in the City of Boston, September 18, 1837. Boston: Dutton and Wentworth, for the association. 1837. tr. 25 – qua Google Books.

[4] Parkinson, Eleanor (1844). The Complete Confectioner, Pastry-Cook, and Baker. Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard – qua Google Books.

[5] Bates, M. A. (January–June 1866). “Tom Luther's Stockings”. Ballou's Monthly Magazine. 23: 236–238 – qua Google Books.

[6] “Benny's Letter”. The Nursery. 15: 18. 1874 – qua Google Books.

[7] “Round the Christ-mas Tree”. Babyland. 6 (1): 8. tháng 1 năm 1882 – qua Google Books.

[History-8] Parker, Rick (2003). Introduction to Food Science. Albany, New York: Delmar/Thomson Learning. ISBN 0-7668-1314-2 – qua Google Books. In 1670, the choirmaster at the Cologne Cathedral gave sugar sticks to his young singers to keep them quiet during the long Living Crèche ceremony. In honor of the occasion, he had the candies bent into the shepherd's crooks. In 1847, a German-Swedish immigrant named August Imgard of Wooster, Ohio decorated a small pine tree with paper ornaments and candy canes.

[Itihaas-9] Haidle, Helen (2007). Christmas Legends to Remember. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Honor Books. ISBN 978-1-56292-534-5 – qua Google Books. Around 1670, a choirmaster of a cathedral in Cologne, Germany, handed out sugar sticks to his young singers. At Christmas, in honor of the birth of Jesus, the choirmaster bent the sugar sticks at one end, forming the shape of a shepherd's crook. These white candy canes helped keep the children quiet during the long Christmas Eve Nativity service. From Germany, the use of candy shepherds' staffs spread across Europe, where plays of the Christmas Nativity were accompanied by gifts of the sweet "shepherds' crooks."

[Origin-10] Collins, Ace (2003). Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. ISBN 0-310-24880-9 – qua Google Books. Church history records that in 1670 the choirmaster at Germany's Cologne Cathedral was faced with a problem that still challenges parents, teachers, and choir In ancient Cologne, as well as in thousands of churches today, the children in the choir often grew restless and noisy during the long services. He sought out a local candy maker, and after looking over the treats in his shop, the music leader paused in front of some white sweet sticks. Yet the choirmaster wondered if the priests and parents would allow him to give the children in his choir candy to eat during a church service. The choirmaster asked the candy maker if he could bend the sticks and make a crook at the top of each one. The candy would not be just a treat; it would be a teaching tool. The choirmaster decided that the candy's pure white color would represent the purity of Christ. The crook would serve as a way for the children to remember the story of the shepherds who came to visit the baby Jesus. The shepherds carried staffs or canes, and with the hook at the top of the stick, the candy now looked like a cane.

[Newspaper-11] “It's Christmas Season: My, How Sweet It Is!”. The Milwaukee Journal. 13 tháng 12 năm 1968. In 1670, a choirmaster at Germany's Cologne cathedral bent the ends of some sugar sticks to represent shepherds' crooks, and distributed them to youngsters. The practice spread.^{[liên kết hỏng]}

[HartelHartel20142-12] Hartel, Richard W.; Hartel, AnnaKate (2014). Candy Bites: The Science of Sweets. New York: Springer. tr. 53. ISBN 978-1-4614-9383-9 – qua Google Books. The candy cane is said to have its origins at Christmas time in Germany circa 1670. A church choirmaster in Cologne gave sticks of hard candy with a crook at the end to the children in his choir to keep them quiet during long Christmas services.

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