DZ
DefZone.Net

Kien thuc cong nghe & giai tri

Wiki Article

Sony Imagesoft

Nguồn dữ liệu từ Wikipedia, hiển thị bởi DefZone.Net

Xem trên WikipediaBài ngẫu nhiên khác
Sony Imagesoft Inc.
FormerlyCSG Imagesoft (1988–1991)
TypeSubsidiary
IndustryVideo games
FoundedDecember 15, 1988; 37 years ago (1988-12-15)
DefunctAugust 17, 1995; 30 years ago (1995-08-17)
FateRenamed into Sony Interactive Studios America
Marketing folded into Sony Computer Entertainment
SuccessorsSony Computer Entertainment
989 Studios
HeadquartersLos Angeles, California
ParentCBS/Sony Group (1989–1991)
Sony Electronic Publishing (1991–1995)

Sony Imagesoft Inc. was an American video game publisher that operated from 1988 to 1995 and was located in California. It was established and incorporated in December 1988[1] in Los Angeles, California, as a subsidiary of the Japan-based CBS/Sony Group (CSG) and initially named CSG Imagesoft Inc.[2] Their focus at the beginning was on marketing games exclusively for Nintendo consoles, and the company's initial of slate was derived from Japanese-originated titles, mostly titles from Epic/Sony Records.[3][4]

Its involvement in producing most video game adaptions of various movies at the time led to the company's poor reputation.[5] According to then Sony Imagesoft President Kelly Flock, he noted the involvement of nongaming executives in the decision making process.[5]

History

[edit]

Beginnings

[edit]

The company started and incorporated on December 15, 1988[1] in Los Angeles, California, as CSG Imagesoft Inc. as a unit of CBS/Sony Group to market games exclusively for Nintendo consoles.[2][3][4] The company's trademark was first registered on October 17, 1989.[6]

The first release was Super Dodge Ball in summer 1989.[3] UK-developed games such as Solstice and Dragon's Lair followed in 1990. Both were also published in Japan through Epic/Sony Records. Both titles were massive critical and commercial successes, with Solstice being the most expensive NES game in the Western market ever produced and became the company's first big break and major hit.[7]

In 1991, the company was reorganized, so Sony launched Sony Electronic Publishing, to capitalize on the acquisition of Columbia Pictures two years prior in an effort for new multimedia,[8] and CSG Imagesoft itself was renamed to Sony Imagesoft to reflect the change, under the leadership of Olaf Olafsson.[9][10]

Sega partnership

[edit]

On May 20, 1992, Sega of America and Sony Electronic Publishing announced a partnership to create content for Sega's consoles under the direction of Imagesoft.[11] Besides Sega's cartridge-based Genesis and Game Gear consoles the partnership targeted the upcoming Sega CD peripheral.[12]

Among the first titles released for Sega's consoles after the announcement are Sewer Shark and Hook. Sewer Shark, initially released exclusively to Sega CD, is a rail-shooter that years earlier had been shelved as part of the ill-fated Control-Vision platform. The Hook video games are tie-ins to the Spielberg feature film Hook that premiered in December 1991 and was produced by Sony-owned TriStar Pictures. Ports of the video game for Sega platforms are based on the Super NES game published earlier by Imagesoft. The Sega CD version was enhanced with better cut scenes with voice actors and digital stills and featured music from the film soundtrack.[13]

1992-1993 expansions and development division

[edit]

In 1992, the company launched an European business publishing subsidiary Sony Electronic Publishing, Ltd. and appointed Phil Harrison of Mindscape as director of product development, and later started publishing video games under the Sony Imagesoft label.[14][15][16]

In early 1993, the company expanded by signing a deal with ESPN, to market a series of sports video games for home consoles.[17][18] The company then signed a deal with TecMagik Entertainment Ltd. for distribution of titles for the European market.[19]

Also that year, the company acquired successful British game publisher/developer Psygnosis, and ran as an autonomous video game publishing label, with Sony handling distribution of its titles.[20][21] The acquisition cost Sony £20 million.[22] The company later signed a deal with Media Design Interactive to market its titles for the American market.[23]

In late 1993, the company entered into its own in-house development division in the San Diego area, hiring away staff members from Park Place Productions. The company begin developing games internally, such as the ESPN game series.[24][25] In the summer of 1994, the company invested in a new startup company SingleTrac Entertainment Technologies, to produce 3D games, in a development deal, that eventually came out for development of its PlayStation games, like Twisted Metal and Warhawk.[26][27]

In May 1994, the division of Sony Electronic Publishing, Sony Imagesoft, became one of the earliest licenses of the PlayStation in the North American market after Sony Computer Entertainment of America was established as a division of SEP, initially Sony Imagesoft would have ran autonomously from SCEA.[28][29][30]

The following month, Sony Imagesoft and Walt Disney Computer Software teamed up for a video game project, Mickey Mania, on platforms, that became a bestseller for the company since Solstice and Equinox.[31] In August 1994, the parent company consolidated all PC software publishing divisions under the Sony Imagesoft name.[32]

In early 1995, the company bought out the video game rights to the character Spawn from Todd McFarlane Productions.[33]

1995 changes

[edit]

In March 1995, Sony Imagesoft announced that it had appointed Kelly Flock as president. Flock came from Trimark Interactive where he was executive vice president since March 1993.[34] He intended to turn them around at Imagesoft as he abruptly stopped production of its competitior's products in favor of just the about-to-debut PlayStation.[5] The company then let its ESPN game license expire, and brought sports games under normal contracts.[35] The company then subsequently sold the publishing rights of Todd McFarlane's Spawn: The Video Game to Acclaim Entertainment before it was released.[36]

Starting in July 1995, just two months prior to the release of the PlayStation console in Western markets, Sony Electronic Publishing restructured and renamed its divisions. The main Sony Electronic Publishing company was renamed to Sony Interactive Entertainment on August 17, 1995.[37] All video game marketing from Sony Imagesoft was folded into Sony Computer Entertainment of America (SCEA), with about 100 employees transferred from Santa Monica to Foster City.[38][39][40][41] The video game business of Sony Imagesoft was merged with the product development branch of SCEA and it was renamed to Sony Interactive Studios America also on August 17, 1995, and also inherited the San Diego development team,[37] which would later be renamed to 989 Studios in 1998.[42][43][44]

The computer software business of Imagesoft became Sony Interactive PC Software America and was headed by general manager Ray Sangster.[37] In August, the Los Angeles Times said Sony had canceled prior projects on computer and video game platforms other than its own PlayStation. It also said Psygnosis became Sony Interactive Europe.[45]

Games published

[edit]
Title Platform Genre Release date Developer References
3 Ninjas Kick Back Sega Genesis Action &1994-06-01June 1, 1994 Malibu Interactive
Super NES &1994-11-00November 19, 1994 [46]
Sega CD November 1994
Altered Space Game Boy Puzzle adventure &1991-09-30September 1991 Software Creations [47]
Bram Stoker's Dracula Game Boy Action &1993-00-001993 Psygnosis/Probe Software
NES
Game Gear
Super NES &1993-09-00September 1993 Traveller's Tales/Psygnosis [46]
Sega Genesis July 1993
Championship Soccer '94 Sega CD Sports &1994-06-00June 1994 Sensible Software [46]
Cliffhanger Sega Genesis Action &1993-10-25October 25, 1993 Malibu Interactive
Sega CD November 1993
Super NES &1993-10-00October 1993 [46]
Game Boy Spidersoft
Game Gear
Chuck Rock Super NES Side-scrolling platformer &1992-11-00November 1992 Core Design [46]
Sega CD &unknown Core Design
Dragon's Lair NES Action &1990-12-00December 29, 1990 Motivetime
Eastern Mind: The Lost Souls of Tong Nou Microsoft Windows Point-and-click adventure &1995-08-10Early August 1995 OutSide Directors Company
Macintosh
Equinox Super NES Action-adventure &1994-03-00March 1994 Software Creations [46]
ESPN Baseball Tonight Super NES Sports &1994-05-00May 1994 Park Place Productions
Sega Genesis
Sega CD October 1994 Sony Imagesoft
ESPN National Hockey Night Sega Genesis &1994-08-01August 1, 1994
Sega CD
Super NES
ESPN NBA HangTime '95 Sega CD &19941994
ESPN SpeedWorld Sega Genesis Racing &1994-00-001994
Super NES
ESPN Sunday Night NFL Sega CD Sports &1993-00-001993 Ringler Studios
Sega Genesis &1994-08-01August 1, 1994
Super NES &1994-11-00November 1994
Extra Innings Super NES &1992-03-20March 20, 1992 Sting Entertainment
Flashback Super NES Action-Adventure 1993 Tiertex [48]
Gear Works Game Gear Puzzle 1993 Teque
Game Boy
Ground Zero: Texas Sega CD Action &1993-11-00November 1993 Digital Pictures [49]
Hook NES &1992-04-00April 1992 Ocean Software
Game Boy
Super NES &1992-10-00October 1992 Ukiyotei [46]
Sega Genesis &1993-03-001992/March 1993 (European Mega CD version) Core Design [50]
Sega CD
Hudson Hawk NES Platform &1991-00-001991 Ocean Software
Game Gear
Johnny Mnemonic Microsoft Windows Interactive movie &1995-05-26May 26, 1995 Propaganda Code, directed by Douglas Gayeton [51]
Macintosh
Sega CD &unreleased [52]
Last Action Hero Sega Genesis Action &1994-03-28November 1993 Bits Studios
Game Gear
Super NES &1993-10-00October 1993[46]
Game Boy
NES Teeny Weeny Games
Sega CD Beat 'em up &cancelled Psygnosis [53][54]
Make My Video: Kris Kross Sega CD Music video December 1992 Digital Pictures
Make My Video: Power Factory Featuring C+C Music Factory Sega CD Music video September 1993 Digital Pictures
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Sega Genesis Action &1994-03-04March 4, 1994 Bits Studios
Super NES &1994-11-00November 1994
Sega CD &1994-00-001994 Psygnosis [55]
Mega Turrican Sega Mega Drive Run and gun &1994-11-00November 1994 Factor 5 [56][57]
Mickey Mania Sega Genesis Platform &1994-10-00October 1994 Traveller's Tales/Psygnosis [58]
Sega CD October 1994
Super NES &1994-10-00October 1994[46]
No Escape Super NES Action &1994-11-00November 1994 Bits Studios [46]
Sega Genesis
Super Battletank 2 (European version) Super NES &1994-10-001993 Absolute
Super Bomberman (European version) Super NES &1994-10-00November 1993 Hudson Soft
Skyblazer Super NES &1994-03-16March 16, 1994 Ukiyotei [59]
Sensible Soccer Super NES Sports December 1993 Sensible Software
Sega Genesis December 10, 1993
Game Gear February 11, 1994
Game Boy
Master System
Sewer Shark Sega CD Shooter &1992-10-15October 15, 1992 Digital Pictures
Smart Ball Super NES Action-adventure &1992-03-00March 1992 Game Freak [46]
Soccer Mania Game Boy Sports &1992-03-00March 1992 Kitty Group Japan
Solstice NES Puzzle &1990-06-00June 1990 Software Creations
Super Dodge Ball NES Sports &1989-06-00June 1989 Technōs Japan [60]
Ultraverse Prime Sega CD Action December 1994 Malibu Interactive

Games developed

[edit]
Title Platform Genre Release date Notes
ESPN Baseball Tonight Sega CD Sports October 1994
ESPN National Hockey Night SNES, Sega Genesis, Sega CD Sports August 1, 1994
ESPN NBA HangTime '95 Sega CD Sports 1994
ESPN SpeedWorld SNES, Sega Genesis Racing 1994
Jeopardy! Classic Sega CD, PC Puzzle May 22, 1994 Sega CD version co-developed by Absolute
Wheel of Fortune Sega CD, PC Strategy 1994 Sega CD version co-developed by Absolute

Games unreleased

[edit]
Title Platform Genre Release date Notes
Super Sushi Pinball NES Pinball Unreleased based on Super Pinball, cancelled in early 1990[61][62]
Bug Blasters: The Exterminators Sega CD Action Unreleased Developed by Stargate Entertainment[63][64]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "CSG Imagesoft, Inc". California Secretary of State. Retrieved June 29, 2026.
  2. ^ a b Sony in U.S. Videogame Venture. In: Television Digest with Consumer Electronics. Volume 28, December 26, 1988, page 51.
  3. ^ a b c CSG Imagesoft Enters U.S. Home Video Game Market. PR Newswire, Los Angeles, September 6, 1989
  4. ^ a b "The Video Game Update". Computer Entertainer. January 1989. p. 8.
  5. ^ a b c "How the heck did he turn Imagesoft around?". Next Generation. September 1998. pp. 108–112. Retrieved June 25, 2026.
  6. ^ Trade-marks Journal: Journal Des Marques de Commerce · Volume 37, Issues 1866-1870, page 104.
  7. ^ "Nintendo NES". New Computer Express. September 29, 1990. p. 53. Retrieved June 26, 2026.
  8. ^ Citron, Alan (1991-02-27). "Sony to Make CDs With Text, Video Games". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2026-06-25.
  9. ^ "Sony's micro movie tie-in". New Computer Express. 1991-03-16. p. 2.
  10. ^ "Laser Visions". ACE. June 1991. pp. 22, 23. Retrieved June 26, 2026.
  11. ^ Sony Electronic Publishing and Sega of America announce broad business partnership. Business Wire, May 20, 1992
  12. ^ Adam Bryant: Sega Links with Sony to Make CD Video Games. New York Times, May 21, 1992. Accessed: 2010-09-01. (archived version)
  13. ^ Janet Wasko: Hollywood in the information age: beyond the silver screen. University of Texas Press 1995, ISBN 0-292-79094-5. Page 62.
  14. ^ "Speaker Details Page". www.dicesummit.org. Retrieved 2026-06-28.
  15. ^ "What's the link between Michael Jackson, Columbia Pictures and a guy called Phil Harrison?". SNESForce. February 1994. p. 82. Retrieved June 28, 2026.
  16. ^ "Sony...so far or the Global Domination Game for Beginners" (PDF). Mega Power. November 1993. pp. 16–19. Retrieved June 26, 2026.
  17. ^ "ESPN, SONY UNIT JOIN IN VIDEO GAME VENTURE". Hartford Courant. January 14, 1993. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  18. ^ "Sony Imagesoft To Produce ESPN Games". Video Games & Computer Entertainment. April 1993. p. 18. Retrieved June 26, 2026.
  19. ^ "Sony/TecMagik team-up". Sega Force. June 1993. p. 10. Retrieved June 26, 2026.
  20. ^ "SCE Worldwide Studios – SCE Studio Liverpool". Worldwidestudios.net. 20 February 2009. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
  21. ^ "The 7th International Computer Game Developers Conference". Computer Gaming World. July 1993. p. 34. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  22. ^ Foster, Michael (March 5, 1995). "Britain faces game drain". The Observer. p. 38. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ "Sony Imports Baker's Dozen". CD-ROM Today. Winter 1993. p. 10. Retrieved June 26, 2026.
  24. ^ "Park Place Isn't Bankrupt, but Payroll's Empty". The San Diego Union-Tribune. January 4, 1994.
  25. ^ Kunkel, Bill (May 1994). "Park Place: Raid or Rescue?". Electronic Games. p. 9.
  26. ^ Knudson, Max B. (1995-06-18). "UTAHNS PAVING 3-D TRAIL INTO VIDEO GAME MARKET". Deseret News. Retrieved 2026-06-26.
  27. ^ "From Space Stations to PlayStations". GamePro. September 1995. p. 34. Retrieved June 25, 2026.
  28. ^ Markoff, John (1994-05-19). "COMPANY NEWS; Sony Starts a Division To Sell Game Machines". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2026-06-28.
  29. ^ "Sony latest to toss hat in vid game arena". The Hollywood Reporter. Hollywood Reporter, Inc. May 19, 1994.
  30. ^ "US PlayStation Licensees Announced". Game Players. April 1995. p. 15. Retrieved June 28, 2026.
  31. ^ Fisher, Lawrence M. (1994-06-24). "COMPANY NEWS; Disney Licenses Characters for Multimedia". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2026-06-28.
  32. ^ "Sony consolidates PC software publishing". Play Meter. August 1994. p. 24. Retrieved June 29, 2026.
  33. ^ "Sony Digs Deep Into Hell and Grabs Spawn". Game Informer. March 1995. p. 44. Retrieved June 29, 2026.
  34. ^ Sony Imagesoft names Kelly Flock president. Business Wire New York, March 8, 1995.
  35. ^ "Let the games begin". Next Generation. September 1995. p. 82. Retrieved June 25, 2026.
  36. ^ "Todd MacFarlane's Spawn on SNES". Game Informer. July 1995. p. 50. Retrieved June 29, 2026.
  37. ^ a b c Sony Electronic Publishing Co. renamed; Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc. is established. Business Wire, August 17, 1995.
  38. ^ Carl DiOrio: Sony to Transfer 100 Workers. In: The Hollywood Reporter, July 12, 1995.
  39. ^ Scott Hettrick: -- no title given -- In: The Hollywood Reporter, August 8, 1995.
  40. ^ Sony in Disarray on Eve of Playstation Debut. In: Television Digest with Consumer Electronics, August 14, 1995, ISSN 0497-1515, page 9.
  41. ^ "Ghosts of Consoles Past". Game Players. July 1995. p. 31. Retrieved June 25, 2026.
  42. ^ "SISA Becomes 989". GameSpot. June 2, 1998. Archived from the original on October 12, 2000. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
  43. ^ "SISA Changes to 989, Psygnosis Brings Microsoft, Activision Revives Classics". Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine. August 1998. p. 24.
  44. ^ IGN Staff (February 4, 2000). "Sony Swallows 989 Studios". IGN. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  45. ^ Harmon, Amy (1995-08-18). "Company Town". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Super NES Release List from nintendo.com at the Wayback Machine (archived September 30, 2007)
  47. ^ "Altered Space – Game Boy – IGN". uk.ign.com. Retrieved 2015-07-07.
  48. ^ https://www.retrogames.cz/manualy/SNES/Flashback-_The_Quest_for_Identity_-_Manual_-_SNES.pdf
  49. ^ Peter M. Nichols: Home Video. In: New York Times, December 10, 1993. Accessed: 2010-09-16. (archived version)
  50. ^ "The Milwaukee Journal – Google News Archive Search – The earliest reviews available online are from March 1993". Retrieved 2015-07-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  51. ^ Philips Teams With Propagande. In: Billboard, June 24, 1995, page 54
  52. ^ Sony Imagesoft to showcase "Johnny Mnemonic" Archived 2016-03-13 at the Wayback Machine Business Wire, Santa Monica, California, March 13, 1995
  53. ^ Last Action Hero – Sega Mega CD unseen64.net
  54. ^ Notebooks. In: Television Digest with Consumer Electronics, Vol. 33, No. 21, Pg. 19. – "...Psygnosis, founded in 1984, published noteworthy "Lemmings" software series, and has developed 2 titles – "Bram Stoker's Dracula" and "Last Action Hero" – for Sega CD."
  55. ^ Mary Shelley's Frankenstein for Sega CD at MobyGames
  56. ^ https://retrofaith.net/2022/09/21/mega-turrican-directors-cut-mega-drive-review/
  57. ^ "Mega Drive Review - Mega Turrican". Sega Magazine. EMAP. November 1994. pp. 88–89. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
  58. ^ Mickey Mania for Sega Genesis Credits at MobyGames
  59. ^ Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 5 March 1994. p. 67. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 2015-07-07.
  60. ^ https://www.engadget.com/2007-09-02-promotional-consideration-beaning-the-red-army.html
  61. ^ McFerran, Damien (2024-01-03). "Sony's Lost NES Game, Super Sushi Pinball, Has Been Found And Preserved". Time Extension. Retrieved 2026-06-16.
  62. ^ Cifaldi, Frank (2023-12-25). "Super Sushi Pinball". Video Game History Foundation. Retrieved 2026-06-16.
  63. ^ https://fmvworld.com/bugblasters.html
  64. ^ https://kotaku.com/games/bug-blasters-the-exterminators
[edit]