↑«Cynodontidae (Family)» (en anglès). ZipcodeZoo.com. Arxivat de l'original el 24 de juny 2009. [Consulta: 21 novembre 2009].
↑Spix J. B. von & Agassiz L., 1829-1831. Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam annos MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I.... colleget et pingendso curavit Dr J. B. de Spix.... Monachii. Selecta Piscium Brasiliam. Part 1: i-xvi + i-ii + 1-82, Pls. 1-48
↑Eigenmann C. H. & Ogle F., 1907. An annotated list of characin fishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Indiana University, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (núm. 1556). 1-36.
↑Müller J. & Troschel F. H., 1844. Synopsis generum et specierum familiae Characinorum. (Prodromus descriptionis novorum generum et specierum). Arch. Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1). 81-99 + Zu pag. 99 (plegable).
↑Spix J. B. von & Agassiz L., 1829-1831. Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam annos MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I.... colleget et pingendso curavit Dr J. B. de Spix.... Monachii. Selecta Piscium Brasiliam. Part 1: i-xvi + i-ii + 1-82, Pls. 1-48.