Los datos de demografía de Serbia son muy variables debido a los últimos acontecimientos ocurridos en la antigua Yugoslavia, que arrojan un importante censo de población flotante formada, sobre todo, por refugiados de otras ex repúblicas que se desplazaron a Serbia y no constan en ningún censo. Durante la Guerra de Kosovo se produjo una avalancha de refugiados serbios (denunciada por ACNUR) que abandonaron territorio kosovar y se instalaron en Serbia.[1] Estos refugiados (se estima que doscientos mil, aunque el Gobierno serbio cree que son muchos más)[2] no figuran en ningún censo, ya que el último censo oficial fue realizado en 2002, y en el mismo no se incluyeron datos de Kosovo.[3] El siguiente censo se realizó en 2011 y dio como resultado una población de 7.186.862 habitantes, con una proyección estimada para el 2017 de 7.058.322 habitantes.[4]
La población de Serbia presentó un aumento progresivo hasta fines de la década de 1990. Tras la caída del bloque soviético y la participación del país en la Guerra de los Balcanes, la población comenzó un progresivo descenso, perdiendo aproximadamente casi un millón de personas desde 1990 hasta el 2021 (7.897.000 a 6.926.705 habitantes)
Según los datos del censo de 2002, las ciudades más habitadas de Serbia y Kosovo[5] son las siguientes:[3]
Según los últimos censos, las principales etnias que habitaban el territorio de Serbia eran las siguientes, en número de individuos:[3]
Etnia group |
censo 1948 | censo 1953 | censo 1961 | censo 1971 | censo 1981 | censo 1991 | censo 2002[6] | censo 2011[7] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | |
Serbios | 4,651,819 | 80.2 | 4,963,070 | 80.4 | 5,477,670 | 82.0 | 5,788,547 | 80.4 | 5,972,661 | 77.3 | 6,252,405 | 79.9 | 6,212,838 | 82.9 | 5,988,150 | 83.3 |
Húngaros | 433,618 | 7.5 | 441,748 | 7.2 | 449,377 | 6.7 | 430,145 | 6.0 | 390,321 | 5.0 | 343,800 | 4.4 | 293,299 | 3.9 | 253,899 | 3.5 |
Romanos | 40,951 | 0.7 | 46,896 | 0.8 | 6,624 | 0.1 | 35,301 | 0.5 | 76,833 | 1.0 | 94,492 | 1.2 | 108,193 | 1.4 | 147,604 | 2.1 |
musulmanes | 7,636 | 0.1 | 74,840 | 1.2 | 85,441 | 1.3 | 127,973 | 1.8 | 156,604 | 2.0 | 180,222 | 2.3 | 19,503 | 0.3 | 22,301 | 0.3 |
Bosnios | 136,087 | 1.8 | 145,278 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||
Croatas | 164,574 | 2.8 | 167,045 | 2.7 | 189,158 | 2.8 | 176,649 | 2.5 | 140,650 | 1.8 | 97,344 | 1.2 | 70,602 | 0.9 | 57,900 | 0.8 |
Eslovacos | 73,138 | 1.3 | 75,006 | 1.2 | 77,816 | 1.2 | 76,707 | 1.1 | 73,170 | 0.9 | 66,772 | 0.9 | 59,021 | 0.8 | 52,750 | 0.7 |
Albanos | 33,769 | 0.6 | 40,954 | 0.7 | 53,167 | 0.8 | 68,593 | 1.0 | 76,296 | 1.0 | 78,281 | 1.0 | 61,647 | 0.8 | 5,809 | 0.1 |
Montenegrinos | 46,810 | 0.8 | 54,718 | 0.9 | 67,165 | 1.0 | 93,705 | 1.3 | 120,438 | 1.6 | 118,934 | 1.5 | 69,049 | 0.9 | 38,527 | 0.5 |
Vlachs | 93,440 | 1.6 | 28,047 | 0.5 | 1,367 | 0.0 | 14,719 | 0.2 | 25,592 | 0.3 | 17,804 | 0.2 | 40,054 | 0.5 | 35,330 | 0.5 |
Rumanos | 63,112 | 1.1 | 59,689 | 1.0 | 59,492 | 0.9 | 57,399 | 0.8 | 53,676 | 0.7 | 42,316 | 0.5 | 34,576 | 0.5 | 29,332 | 0.4 |
Yugoeslavos | 14,873 | 0.2 | 122,904 | 1.7 | 439,265 | 5.7 | 320,168 | 4.1 | 80,721 | 1.1 | 23,303 | 0.3 | ||||
Macedonios | 17,391 | 0.3 | 26,305 | 0.4 | 35,146 | 0.5 | 41,627 | 0.6 | 47,930 | 0.6 | 45,068 | 0.6 | 25,847 | 0.3 | 22,755 | 0.3 |
Bulgaros | 59,395 | 1.0 | 60,146 | 1.0 | 58,243 | 0.9 | 53,536 | 0.7 | 33,294 | 0.4 | 26,698 | 0.3 | 20,497 | 0.3 | 18,543 | 0.3 |
Others[8] /unspecified | 114,493 | 2.0 | 132,549 | 2.1 | 102,700 | 1.5 | 115,093 | 1.6 | 122,506 | 1.6 | 138,491 | 1.8 | 266,067 | 3.5 | 345,381 | 4.8 |
Total | 5,800,146 | 6,171,013 | 6,678,239 | 7,202,898 | 7,729,236 | 7,822,795 | 7,498,001 | 7,186,862 |
La religión mayoritaria y oficial del país (sin incluir Kosovo) es la Ortodoxa serbia, seguida por un 85 % de sus habitantes. El 5,5 % son católicos, el 1,1 % protestantes, el 3,2 % musulmanes, y el 5,2 % ateos, de religión desconocida y otras.[9] En Kosovo, aproximadamente el 90% de la población son musulmanes.[9]
El idioma oficial del país es el serbio, que es hablado por el 88,3% de la población. Un 3,8 % habla húngaro, y el 1,8 % romaní. En Voivodina son cooficiales el rumano, húngaro, eslovaco, ucraniano y croata[9] Estos datos no incluyen a Kosovo, donde son cooficiales el serbio y el albanés, que es hablado por un 90 % de la población.[9]
Fuente: Estadísticas oficiales de la República de Serbia[14]
Datos para Serbia excluyendo Kosovo
Población | Nacidos vivos | Muertes | Cambio natural | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Cambio natural (por 1000) | Tasa de fertilidad | Female fertile population (15–49 years) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 5,969,977 | 163,297 | 76,851 | 86,446 | 27.4 | 12.9 | 14.5 | 3.11 | 1,667,489 |
1951 | 6,045,982 | 145,197 | 80,034 | 65,163 | 24.0 | 13.2 | 10.8 | 2.70 | 1,679,515 |
1952 | 6,106,976 | 161,306 | 67,870 | 93,436 | 26.4 | 11.1 | 15.3 | 2.94 | 1,691,530 |
1953 | 6,186,015 | 151,672 | 68,168 | 83,504 | 24.5 | 11.0 | 13.5 | 2.69 | 1,703,548 |
1954 | 6,271,014 | 152,569 | 62,610 | 89,959 | 24.3 | 10.0 | 14.3 | 2.66 | 1,714,614 |
1955 | 6,369,436 | 140,396 | 65,179 | 75,217 | 22.0 | 10.2 | 11.8 | 2.42 | 1,725,685 |
1956 | 6,422,999 | 132,078 | 67,105 | 64,973 | 20.6 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 2.26 | 1,736,751 |
1957 | 6,481,984 | 118,535 | 61,885 | 56,650 | 18.3 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 2.03 | 1,739,485 |
1958 | 6,535,020 | 118,425 | 55,564 | 62,861 | 18.1 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 2.05 | 1,742,115 |
1959 | 6,587,014 | 114,872 | 60,850 | 54,022 | 17.4 | 9.2 | 8.2 | 2.02 | 1,739,287 |
1960 | 6,638,992 | 119,298 | 61,872 | 57,426 | 18.0 | 9.3 | 8.6 | 2.12 | 1,733,296 |
1961 | 6,689,077 | 115,222 | 57,990 | 57,232 | 17.2 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 2.08 | 1,727,303 |
1962 | 6,740,264 | 110,008 | 62,830 | 47,178 | 16.3 | 9.3 | 7.0 | 2.03 | 1,735,235 |
1963 | 6,787,950 | 108,324 | 57,778 | 50,546 | 16.0 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 2.02 | 1,750,899 |
1964 | 6,832,855 | 103,847 | 62,100 | 41,747 | 15.2 | 9.1 | 6.1 | 1.96 | 1,769,796 |
1965 | 6,876,624 | 106,699 | 58,856 | 47,843 | 15.5 | 8.6 | 7.0 | 2.02 | 1,807,362 |
1966 | 6,927,969 | 103,775 | 55,471 | 48,304 | 15.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 1.98 | 1,843,693 |
1967 | 6,966,522 | 103,491 | 62,915 | 40,576 | 14.9 | 9.0 | 5.8 | 1.96 | 1,887,344 |
1968 | 7,007,586 | 103,621 | 60,932 | 42,689 | 14.8 | 8.7 | 6.1 | 1.95 | 1,945,878 |
1969 | 7,123,249 | 105,478 | 68,152 | 37,326 | 14.8 | 9.6 | 5.2 | 1.93 | 1,972,004 |
1970 | 7,164,993 | 102,453 | 67,211 | 35,242 | 14.3 | 9.4 | 4.9 | 1.81 | 2,012,702 |
1971 | 7,211,716 | 104,070 | 65,872 | 38,198 | 14.4 | 9.1 | 5.3 | 1.83 | 2,020,324 |
1972 | 7,267,030 | 106,859 | 70,822 | 36,037 | 14.7 | 9.7 | 5.0 | 1.83 | 2,019,717 |
1973 | 7,322,344 | 108,361 | 67,152 | 41,209 | 14.8 | 9.2 | 5.6 | 1.84 | 2,036,056 |
1974 | 7,377,659 | 110,458 | 66,457 | 44,001 | 15.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 1.86 | 2,020,513 |
1975 | 7,432,973 | 112,945 | 69,590 | 43,355 | 15.2 | 9.4 | 5.8 | 1.88 | 2,010,021 |
1976 | 7,488,287 | 114,035 | 68,565 | 45,470 | 15.2 | 9.2 | 6.1 | 1.89 | 2,002,713 |
1977 | 7,543,601 | 111,510 | 68,924 | 42,586 | 14.8 | 9.1 | 5.6 | 1.86 | 1,994,191 |
1978 | 7,598,916 | 110,622 | 71,986 | 38,636 | 14.6 | 9.5 | 5.1 | 1.86 | 1,974,022 |
1979 | 7,654,230 | 109,953 | 72,306 | 37,647 | 14.4 | 9.4 | 4.9 | 1.87 | 1,986,006 |
1980 | 7,709,544 | 109,597 | 76,180 | 33,417 | 14.2 | 9.9 | 4.3 | 1.86 | 1,997,988 |
1981 | 7,736,787 | 103,407 | 78,086 | 25,321 | 13.4 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.76 | 1,977,061 |
1982 | 7,763,335 | 106,575 | 78,473 | 28,102 | 13.7 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 1.84 | 1,947,609 |
1983 | 7,788,100 | 108,003 | 83,506 | 24,497 | 13.9 | 10.7 | 3.1 | 1.89 | 1,914,434 |
1984 | 7,813,549 | 107,036 | 82,742 | 24,294 | 13.7 | 10.6 | 3.1 | 1.90 | 1,921,422 |
1985 | 7,835,902 | 101,938 | 81,836 | 20,102 | 13.0 | 10.4 | 2.6 | 1.84 | 1,920,627 |
1986 | 7,853,824 | 99,419 | 83,977 | 15,442 | 12.7 | 10.7 | 2.0 | 1.82 | 1,911,361 |
1987 | 7,868,027 | 98,279 | 83,426 | 14,853 | 12.5 | 10.6 | 1.9 | 1.82 | 1,919,612 |
1988 | 7,884,218 | 97,471 | 83,616 | 13,855 | 12.4 | 10.6 | 1.8 | 1.82 | 1,899,146 |
1989 | 7,893,787 | 91,270 | 85,256 | 6,014 | 11.6 | 10.8 | 0.8 | 1.72 | 1,895,541 |
1990 | 7,897,937 | 90,467 | 85,515 | 4,952 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 0.6 | 1.72 | 1,899,883 |
1991 | 7,824,589 | 90,378 | 89,072 | 1,306 | 11.6 | 11.4 | 0.2 | 1.82 | 1,813,520 |
1992 | 7,787,897 | 86,877 | 93,475 | -6,598 | 11.2 | 12.0 | -0.8 | 1.76 | 1,821,688 |
1993 | 7,751,205 | 87,931 | 95,121 | -7,190 | 11.3 | 12.3 | -0.9 | 1.78 | 1,833,456 |
1994 | 7,714,513 | 85,292 | 93,011 | -7,719 | 11.1 | 12.1 | -1.0 | 1.72 | 1,846,610 |
1995 | 7,677,821 | 86,236 | 93,933 | -7,697 | 11.2 | 12.2 | -1.0 | 1.74 | 1,860,970 |
1996 | 7,641,129 | 82,548 | 98,370 | -15,822 | 10.8 | 12.9 | -2.1 | 1.66 | 1,868,882 |
1997 | 7,604,437 | 79,716 | 98,068 | -18,352 | 10.5 | 12.9 | -2.4 | 1.61 | 1,864,628 |
1998 | 7,567,745 | 76,330 | 99,376 | -23,046 | 10.1 | 13.1 | -3.0 | 1.54 | 1,855,228 |
1999 | 7,540,401 | 72,222 | 101,444 | -29,222 | 9.6 | 13.5 | -3.9 | 1.46 | 1,844,875 |
2000 | 7,516,346 | 73,764 | 104,042 | -30,278 | 9.8 | 13.8 | -4.0 | 1.48 | 1,831,994 |
2001 | 7,503,433 | 78,435 | 99,008 | -20,573 | 10.5 | 13.2 | -2.7 | 1.58 | 1,821,493 |
2002 | 7,500,031 | 78,101 | 102,785 | -24,684 | 10.4 | 13.7 | -3.3 | 1.57 | 1,810,526 |
2003 | 7,480,591 | 79,025 | 103,946 | -24,921 | 10.6 | 13.9 | -3.3 | 1.59 | 1,789,668 |
2004[15] | 7,463,157 | 78,186 | 104,320 | -26,134 | 10.5 | 14.0 | -3.5 | 1.57 | 1,770,053 |
2005 | 7,440,769 | 72,180 | 106,771 | -34,591 | 9.7 | 14.3 | -4.6 | 1.45 | 1,750,845 |
2006 | 7,411,569 | 70,997 | 102,884 | -31,887 | 9.6 | 13.9 | -4.3 | 1.43 | 1,733,316 |
2007 | 7,381,579 | 68,102 | 102,805 | -34,703 | 9.2 | 13.9 | -4.7 | 1.38 | 1,718,428 |
2008 | 7,350,222 | 69,083 | 102,711 | -33,628 | 9.4 | 14.0 | -4.6 | 1.41 | 1,704,735 |
2009 | 7,320,807 | 70,299 | 104,000 | -33,701 | 9.6 | 14.2 | -4.6 | 1.44 | 1,691,363 |
2010[16] | 7,291,436 | 68,304 | 103,211 | -34,907 | 9.4 | 14.2 | -4.8 | 1.41 | 1,677,562 |
2011 | 7,236,519 | 65,598 | 102,935 | -37,337 | 9.1 | 14.2 | -5.2 | 1.40 | 1,632,708 |
2012 | 7,201,497 | 67,257 | 102,400 | -35,143 | 9.3 | 14.2 | -4.9 | 1.45 | 1,615,898 |
2013 | 7,166,552 | 65,554 | 100,300 | -34,746 | 9.1 | 14.0 | -4.8 | 1.43 | 1,599,129 |
2014 | 7,131,787 | 66,461 | 101,247 | -34,786 | 9.3 | 14.2 | -4.9 | 1.47 | 1,582,643 |
2015 | 7,095,383 | 65,657 | 103,678 | -38,021 | 9.3 | 14.6 | -5.4 | 1.46 | 1,566,064 |
2016 | 7,058,322 | 64,734 | 100,834 | -36,100 | 9.2 | 14.3 | -5.1 | 1.46 | 1,550,651 |
2017 | 7,020,858 | 64,894 | 103,722 | -38,828 | 9.2 | 14.8 | -5.5 | 1.48 | 1,537,044 |
2018[17] | 6,982,604 | 63,975 | 101,655 | -37,680 | 9.2 | 14.6 | -5.4 | 1.48 | 1,523,675 |
2019[18][19] | 6,945,235 | 64,399 | 101,458 | -37,059 | 9.3 | 14.6 | -5.3 | 1.52 | 1,510,363 |
2020p[20] | 6,926,705 | 61,693 | 114,954 | -53,261 | |||||
Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Female fertile population (15–49 years) | |
Total 1950-2018 | 6,760,974 | 5,681,634 | 1,079,340 | 934.3 | 785.1 | 149.1 | |||
Average 1950-2018 | 7,236,775 | 97,985 | 82,343 | 15,643 | 13.5 | 11.4 | 2.2 | 1.86 | 1,813,209 |
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no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas factbook