Sandra G. Harding, nada en 1935, é unha filósofa e feminista estadounidense, unha figura importante da epistemoloxía feminista.[1][2]
Doutorouse na Universidade de Nova York en 1973. Os seus traballos enmárcanse dentro da Filosofía da Ciencia, a Epistemoloxía Feminista, a Teoría poscolonial e a metodoloxía en investigación. É profesora emérita na Universidade de California, Os Ánxeles, onde impartiu docencia dende 1994.[3]
Harding foi a directora do 'Center for the Study of Women' da Universidade de California[4] (1996-2000) e codirectora (xunto a Kathryn Norberg) da revista feminista, publicada por University of Chicago Press, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (2000-2005). Tamén traballou como profesora na Universidade de Delaware, e foi profesora invitada na Universidade de Ámsterdam, a Universidade de Costa Rica e a Escola politécnica federal de Zürich, Suíza.[3]
Contribuíu ao desenvolvemento da Teoría do punto de vista, sendo unha das fundadoras do campo da Epistemoloxía Feminista, así como aos Estudos de Ciencia, Tecnoloxía e Xénero. As súas contribucións nestas áreas, así como a súa aproximación e crítica ao concepto de obxectividade na ciencia, foron de grande influencia para as Ciencias Sociais e para a Filosofía e xerou discusións no campo das Ciencias Naturais.
Sandra Harding foi consultada por numerosos organismos acerca de temas relacionados co feminismo e a ciencia poscolonial, foi o caso da Organización Panamericana da Saúde, o Fondo de Desenvolvemento das Nacións Unidas para a Muller e a Comisión de Ciencia e Tecnoloxía para o Desenvolvemento da Organización das Nacións Unidas (ONU). É coautora xunto a Elizabeth McGregor do capítulo "El Lugar de las mujeres en la ciencia y la Tecnología" do Informe mundial sobre la ciencia da UNESCO no ano 1996.[5]
Participou do debate acerca da neutralidade da ciencia no que se veu a chamar as Guerras da ciencia.[Cómpre referencia]
- (ed.), Can Theories be Refuted? Essays on the Duhem-Quine Thesis, 1976.
- The Science Question in Feminism, 1986.
- con Jean F. O'Barr (ed.), Sex and Scientific Inquiry, 1987.
- (ed.), Feminism and Methodology: Social Science Issues, 1987.
- Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?: Thinking from Women's Lives, 1991.
- (ed.), The ‘Racial’ Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future, 1993.
- Is Science Multicultural? Postcolonialisms, Feminisms, and Epistemologies, 1998.
- con Uma Narayan (ed.), Decentering the Center: Philosophy for a Multicultural, Postcolonial, and Feminist World, 2000.
- con Robert Figueroa (ed.), Science and Other Cultures: Issues in Philosophies of Science and Technology, 2003.
- con Merrill B. Hintikka (ed.), Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science. Segunda Edición, 2003 (1983).
- (ed.), Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader, 2004.
- Science and Social Inequality: Feminist and Postcolonial Issues, 2006.
- Sciences From Below: Feminisms, Postcolonialities, and Modernities, 2008.
- (ed.), The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader, Duke UP 2011
- Objectivity and Diversity: Another Logic of Scientific Research, 2015.
- 1973. “Feminism: Reform or Revolution?” Philosophical Forum (Boston) 5, 271–284
- 1979. “The Social Function of the Empiricist Conception of Mind,” Metaphilosophy 10 (1 de xaneiro), 38–47
- 1979. “Is the Equality of Opportunity Principle Democratic?” Philosophical Forum (Boston) 10 (1 de decembro), 206–22
- 1982. “Is Gender a Variable in Conceptions of Rationality: A Survey of Issues,” Dialectica, 36 (1 de xaneiro): 225–42
- 1983. “Why Has the Sex/Gender System Become Visible Only Now,” in Discovering Reality, ed. Sandra Harding e Merrill Hintikka
- 1987. “The Method Question,” Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 2, 19–35
- 1987. “The Curious Coincidence of Feminine and African Moralities,” Women and Moral Theory, ed. Eva Feder Kittay e Diana Meyers
- 1990. “Starting Thought From Women’s Lives: Eight Resources for Maximizing Objectivity,” Journal of Social Philosophy 21(2-3), 140-49
- 1990. “Feminism, Science, and the Anti-Enlightenment Critiques,” in Feminism/Postmodernism, ed. Linda Nicholson, 83-106
- 1992. “After Eurocentrism? Challenges for the Philosophy of Science,” PSA 1992 Vol. 2, 311–319
- 1993. “Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What Is ‘Strong Objectivity’?” in Feminist Epistemologies, ed. Linda Alcoff e Elizabeth Potter
- 1995. “‘Strong Objectivity’: A Response to the New Objectivity Question,” Synthese, Vol. 104, No. 3, pp. 331-349
- 1998. “Women, Science, and Society,” Science, New Series, Vol. 281, No. 5383 (Sep 11 1998), 1599-1600
- 2002. “Must the Advance of Science Advance Global Inequality?” International Studies Review, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Verán), 87-105
- 2003. “How Standpoint Methodology Informs Philosophy of Social Science,” en Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences
- 2004. “A Socially Relevant Philosophy of Science? Resources from Standpoint Theory’s Controversiality,” Hypatia, Vol. 19, Núm. 1, 25–47
- 2005. “‘Science and Democracy:’ Replayed or Redesigned?” Social Epistemology, Vol. 19, No. 1, 5–18
- 2006. “Two Influential Theories of Ignorance and Philosophy's Interests in Ignoring Them,” Hypatia, Vol. 21, Núm. 3 (Verán), 20-36
- 2007. “Modernity, Science, and Democracy,” in Social Philosophy Today, Volume 22. Philosophy Documentation Center
- 2008. “How Many Epistemologies Should Guide the Production of Scientific Knowledge?” Hypatia, Vol. 23, Núm. 4, 212-219
- 2009. “Postcolonial and Feminist Philosophies of Science and Technology,” Postcolonial Studies, Vol. 12, Núm. 4, p. 410-429
- 2010. “Standpoint Methodologies and Epistemologies: A Logic of Scientific Inquiry for People,” World Social Science Report 2010, 173-5
- 2012. “Objectivity and Diversity,” en Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education, ed. James Banks
- 2017. “Latin American Decolonial Studies: Feminist Issues,” Feminist Studies, Vol. 43, Núm. 3, 624-636
- con Kathryn Norberg, 2005. “New Feminist Approaches to Social Science Methodologies: An Introduction,” Signs, Vol. 30, Núm. 4, 2009-15