CX3CL1

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Hemokin (C-X3-C motiv) ligand 1
Dostupne strukture
1b2t, 1f2l
Identifikatori
Simboli	CX3CL1; NTN; ABCD-3; C3Xkine; CXC3; CXC3C; NTT; SCYD1; fractalkine; neurotactin
Vanjski ID	OMIM: 601880 MGI: 1097153 HomoloGene: 2251 GeneCards: CX3CL1 Gene
Ontologija gena Molekularna funkcija • aktivnost hemokina Celularna komponenta • ekstracelularni region • ekstracelularni prostor • ćelijska površina • membrana • integralno sa membranom plazme Biološki proces • odbrambeni odgovor • imunski odgovor • ćelijska adhezija • citokin i hemokin posredovani signalni put • leukocit hemotaksa • pozitivna regulacija inflamatornog odgovora • leukocitna adhezivna aktivacija • pozitivna regulacija kalcijum-nezavisne interćelijske adhezije
Pregled RNK izražavanja
podaci
Ortolozi
Vrsta	Čovek	Miš
Entrez	6376	20312
Ensembl	ENSG00000006210	ENSMUSG00000031778
UniProt	P78423	Q8C9Y1
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002996	NM_009142
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002987	NP_033168
Lokacija (UCSC)	Chr 16: 55.96 - 55.98 Mb	Chr 8: 97.66 - 97.67 Mb
PubMed pretraga	[1]	[2]

CX3CL1, hemokin (C-X3-C motiv) ligand 1, je veliki citokin protein sa 373 aminokiseline. On sadrži više domena. Ovo je jedini član CX₃C hemokin familije. On je poznat pod imenima fraktalkin (kod ljudi) i neurotaktin (kod miševa).^[1][2] Polipeptidna struktura CXC3L1 se razlikuje od tipične strukture drugih hemokina. Na primer, razmak između karakterističnih N-terminalnih cisteina je različit; postoje tri aminokiseline između inicijalnog para cisteina u CX3CL1, koji se ne javljaju u CC hemokinima. Postoji samo jedna aminokiselina u tom segmentu CXC hemokina. CX3CL1 se proizvodi kao dugački protein (sa 373 aminokiseline kod ljudi) sa produženim poput mucina stablom i hemokin domenom na vrhu. Mucinu-slično stablo dozvoljava mu da se veže na površinu pojedinih ćelija. Rastvorna (90 kD) verzija ovog hemokina takođe je bila primećena. Rastvorni CX3CL1 je potencijalni hemoatraktant T ćelija i monocita, dok hemokin vezan za ćeliju promoviše snažnu adheziju leukocita na aktivirane endotelne ćelije, gde je on prvenstveno izražen.^[2] CX3CL1 izaziva svoje adhezivne i migratorne funkcije putem interakcija sa hemokin receptorom CX3CR1.^[3] Njegov gene je lociran na ljudskom hromozom 16 zajedno sa nekim CC hemokinima poznatim kao CCL17 i CCL22.^[2][4][5]

Reference

1. Pan et al. (1997). „Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation”. Nature 387: 611-617. 
2. Bazan et al. (1997). „A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif”. Nature 385: 640-644. 
3. Imai et al. (1997). „Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte migration and adhesion”. Cell 91: 521-530. 
4. Nomiyama et al. (1998). „Human chemokines fractalkine (SCYD1), MDC (SCYA22) and TARC (SCYA17) are clustered on chromosome 16q13. Cytogenet”. Cell Genet 81: 10-11. 
5. Mire-Sluis, Anthony R.; Thorpe, Robin, ur. (1998). Cytokines (Handbook of Immunopharmacology). Boston: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-498340-5. 

Literatura

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• Umehara H, Tanaka M, Sawaki T, et al. (2006). „Fractalkine in rheumatoid arthritis and allied conditions.”. Mod Rheumatol 16 (3): 124–30. DOI:10.1007/s10165-006-0471-9. PMID 16767549. 
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• Pan Y, Lloyd C, Zhou H, et al. (1997). „Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation.”. Nature 387 (6633): 611–7. DOI:10.1038/42491. PMID 9177350. 
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• Imai T, Hieshima K, Haskell C, et al. (1997). „Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte migration and adhesion.”. Cell 91 (4): 521–30. DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80438-9. PMID 9390561. 
• Nomiyama H, Imai T, Kusuda J, et al. (1998). „Human chemokines fractalkine (SCYD1), MDC (SCYA22) and TARC (SCYA17) are clustered on chromosome 16q13.”. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 81 (1): 10–1. DOI:10.1159/000015000. PMID 9691168. 
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• Papadopoulos EJ, Sassetti C, Saeki H, et al. (1999). „Fractalkine, a CX3C chemokine, is expressed by dendritic cells and is up-regulated upon dendritic cell maturation.”. Eur. J. Immunol. 29 (8): 2551–9. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199908)29:08<2551::AID-IMMU2551>3.0.CO;2-T. PMID 10458770. 
• Loftus BJ, Kim UJ, Sneddon VP, et al. (1999). „Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q.”. Genomics 60 (3): 295–308. DOI:10.1006/geno.1999.5927. PMID 10493829. 
• Tong N, Perry SW, Zhang Q, et al. (2000). „Neuronal fractalkine expression in HIV-1 encephalitis: roles for macrophage recruitment and neuroprotection in the central nervous system.”. J. Immunol. 164 (3): 1333–9. PMID 10640747. 
• Faure S, Meyer L, Costagliola D, et al. (2000). „Rapid progression to AIDS in HIV+ individuals with a structural variant of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1.”. Science 287 (5461): 2274–7. DOI:10.1126/science.287.5461.2274. PMID 10731151. 
• Hoover DM, Mizoue LS, Handel TM, Lubkowski J (2000). „The crystal structure of the chemokine domain of fractalkine shows a novel quaternary arrangement.”. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (30): 23187–93. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M002584200. PMID 10770945. 
• Meucci O, Fatatis A, Simen AA, Miller RJ (2000). „Expression of CX3CR1 chemokine receptors on neurons and their role in neuronal survival.”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (14): 8075–80. DOI:10.1073/pnas.090017497. PMC 16672. PMID 10869418. 
• Papadopoulos EJ, Fitzhugh DJ, Tkaczyk C, et al. (2000). „Mast cells migrate, but do not degranulate, in response to fractalkine, a membrane-bound chemokine expressed constitutively in diverse cells of the skin.”. Eur. J. Immunol. 30 (8): 2355–61. DOI:10.1002/1521-4141(2000)30:8<2355::AID-IMMU2355>3.0.CO;2-#. PMID 10940926. 
• Lucas AD, Chadwick N, Warren BF, et al. (2001). „The transmembrane form of the CX3CL1 chemokine fractalkine is expressed predominantly by epithelial cells in vivo.”. Am. J. Pathol. 158 (3): 855–66. PMC 1850344. PMID 11238035. 
• Garton KJ, Gough PJ, Blobel CP, et al. (2001). „Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (ADAM17) mediates the cleavage and shedding of fractalkine (CX3CL1).”. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (41): 37993–8001. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M106434200. PMID 11495925.