Alfred North Whitehead

Alfred North Whitehead
Sinh	(1861-02-15)15 tháng 2 năm 1861 Ramsgate, Kent, England
Mất	30 tháng 12 năm 1947(1947-12-30) (86 tuổi) Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
Trường lớp	Trinity College, Cambridge (BA, 1884)
Thời kỳ	Triết học thế kỷ 20
Vùng	Triết học phương Tây
Trường phái	Process philosophy Process theology
Tổ chức	Imperial College London (University of London) Harvard University
Tư vấn học thuật	Edward John Routh[1]
Đối tượng chính	Metaphysics, Toán học
Tư tưởng nổi bật	Process philosophy Process theology
Ảnh hưởng bởi Aristotle,[2] Henri Bergson,[3] Francis Herbert Bradley[4] John Dewey,[3] David Hume,[2] William James,[3] Immanuel Kant,[5] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz,[6] John Locke,[5] Isaac Newton,[6] Plato,[2] George Santayana[6]
Ảnh hưởng tới Wilfred Eade Agar,[7] David Bohm,[7] C. D. Broad,[8] Milič Čapek,[7] Susanne Langer,[9] Ervin László,[10] Maurice Merleau-Ponty,[8] F. S. C. Northrop,[9] Talcott Parsons,[11] Ilya Prigogine,[8] W. V. O. Quine,[12] Bertrand Russell,[6] B. F. Skinner,[13] Wolfgang Smith,[14] John Lighton Synge,[7] Jules Vuillemin,[8] Conrad Hal Waddington,[7] Michel Weber,[15] Sewall Wright[16]

Alfred North Whitehead OM, FRS (15 tháng 2 năm 1861 - 30 tháng 12 năm 1947) là một nhà toán học và triết gia Anh. Ông được biết đến như là triết gia của các trường phái triết học gọi là triết học quá trình,^[17] mà ngày nay đã có các ứng dụng cho một loạt các lĩnh vực, bao gồm cả sinh thái học, thần học, giáo dục, vật lý, sinh học, kinh tế học và tâm lý học.

Trong giai đoạn sớm của sự nghiệp Whitehead viết chủ yếu về toán học, logic học và vật lý. Tác phẩm nổi tiếng nhất của ông trong lĩnh vực này là 3 tập Principia Mathematica ('Nguyên lý của Toán học' 1910–1913), viết cùng với cựu sinh viên của ông là Bertrand Russell. Principia Mathematica được coi là một trong những tác phẩm quan trọng nhất về logic toán của thế kỷ 20, và được xếp hạng 23 trong danh sách 100 tác phẩm đứng đầu thế kỷ 20 trong lĩnh vực sách phi hư cấu viết bằng tiếng Anh bởi Modern Library.

Cuộc đời

Toán học và logic học

A Treatise on Universal Algebra

Principia Mathematica

An Introduction to Mathematics

Quan điểm về Giáo dục

Triết học và Siêu hình học

Quan niệm của Whitehead về Thực tại

Lý thuyết về tri giác

Tiến hóa và giá trị

Thượng đế

Tôn giáo

Di sản và ảnh hưởng

Thần học và Triết học Tiến trình

Khoa học

Sinh thái học, kinh tế học và tính bền vững

Giáo dục

Quản trị kinh doanh

Quan điểm chính trị

Các tác phẩm chính

Liệt kê theo thời điểm xuất bản.

• A Treatise on Universal Algebra. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1898. ISBN 1-4297-0032-7. Available online at http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.chmm/1263316509 Lưu trữ 2014-09-03 tại Wayback Machine.
• The Axioms of Descriptive Geometry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1907.^[18] Available online at http://quod.lib.umich.edu/u/umhistmath/ABN2643.0001.001.
• with Bertrand Russell. Principia Mathematica, Volume I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1910. Available online at http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/b/bib/bibperm?q1=AAT3201.0001.001. Vol. 1 to *56 is available as a CUP paperback.^[19][20][21]
• An Introduction to Mathematics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911. Available online at http://quod.lib.umich.edu/u/umhistmath/AAW5995.0001.001. Vol. 56 of the Great Books of the Western World series.
• with Bertrand Russell. Principia Mathematica, Volume II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1912. Available online at http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/b/bib/bibperm?q1=AAT3201.0002.001.
• with Bertrand Russell. Principia Mathematica, Volume III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1913. Available online at http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/b/bib/bibperm?q1=AAT3201.0003.001.
• The Organization of Thought Educational and Scientific. London: Williams & Norgate, 1917. Available online at https://archive.org/details/organisationofth00whit.
• An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Natural Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1919. Available online at https://archive.org/details/enquiryconcernpr00whitrich.
• The Concept of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920. Based on the November 1919 Tarner Lectures delivered at Trinity College. Available online at https://archive.org/details/cu31924012068593.
• The Principle of Relativity with Applications to Physical Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922. Available online at https://archive.org/details/theprincipleofre00whituoft.
• Science and the Modern World. New York: Macmillan Company, 1925. Vol. 55 of the Great Books of the Western World series.
• Religion in the Making. New York: Macmillan Company, 1926. Based on the 1926 Lowell Lectures.
• Symbolism, Its Meaning and Effect. New York: Macmillan Co., 1927. Based on the 1927 Barbour-Page Lectures delivered at the University of Virginia.
• Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology. New York: Macmillan Company, 1929. Based on the 1927–28 Gifford Lectures delivered at the University of Edinburgh. The 1978 Free Press "corrected edition" edited by David Ray Griffin and Donald W. Sherburne corrects many errors in both the British and American editions, and also provides a comprehensive index.
• The Aims of Education and Other Essays. New York: Macmillan Company, 1929.
• The Function of Reason. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1929. Based on the March 1929 Louis Clark Vanuxem Foundation Lectures delivered at Princeton University.
• Adventures of Ideas. New York: Macmillan Company, 1933. Also published by Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1933.
• Nature and Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1934.
• Modes of Thought. New York: MacMillan Company, 1938.
• "Mathematics and the Good." In The Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, 666–681. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 1941.
• "Immortality." In The Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, 682–700. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 1941.
• Essays in Science and Philosophy. London: Philosophical Library, 1947.with Allison Heartz Johnson, ed. The Wit and Wisdom of Whitehead. Boston: Beacon Press, 1947.

Tham khảo

1. Alfred North Whitehead tại Dự án Phả hệ Toán học
2. ^ Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality (New York: The Free Press, 1978), 39.
3. ^ Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality (New York: The Free Press, 1978), xii.
4. Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality (New York: The Free Press, 1978), xiii.
5. ^ Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality (New York: The Free Press, 1978), xi.
6. ^ Michel Weber and Will Desmond, eds., Handbook of Whiteheadian Process Thought, Volume 1 (Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2008), 17.
7. ^ John B. Cobb, Jr., and David Ray Griffin, Process Theology: An Introductory Exposition (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1976), 174.
8. ^ Michel Weber and Will Desmond, eds., Handbook of Whiteheadian Process Thought, Volume 1 (Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2008), 26.
9. ^ John B. Cobb, Jr., and David Ray Griffin, Process Theology: An Introductory Exposition (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1976), 164-165.
10. John B. Cobb, Jr., and David Ray Griffin, Process Theology: An Introductory Exposition (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1976), 175.
11. Thomas J. Fararo, "On the Foundations of the Theory of Action in Whitehead and Parsons", in Explorations in General Theory in Social Science, ed. Jan J. Loubser et al. (New York: The Free Press, 1976), chapter 5.
12. Michel Weber and Will Desmond, eds., Handbook of Whiteheadian Process Thought, Volume 1 (Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2008), 25.
13. "Alfred North Whitehead Biography", European Graduate School, accessed ngày 12 tháng 12 năm 2013, http://www.egs.edu/library/alfred-north-whitehead/biography/ Lưu trữ 2013-09-03 tại Wayback Machine.
14. Wolfgang Smith, Cosmos and Transcendence: Breaking Through the Barrier of Scientistic Belief (Peru, Illinois: Sherwood Sugden and Company, 1984), 3.
15. Michel Weber and Will Desmond, eds., Handbook of Whiteheadian Process Thought, Volume 1 (Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2008), 13.
16. Charles Birch, "Why Aren't We Zombies? Neo-Darwinism and Process Thought", in Back to Darwin: A Richer Account of Evolution, ed. John B. Cobb, Jr., (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008), 252.
17. David Ray Griffin, Reenchantment Without Supernaturalism: A Process Philosophy of Religion (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001), vii.
18. F.W. Owens, "Review: The Axioms of Descriptive Geometry by A. N. Whitehead", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 15 (1909): 465–466.
19. James Byrnie Shaw, "Review: Principia Mathematica by A. N. Whitehead and B. Russell, Vol.
20. Benjamin Abram Bernstein, "Review: Principia Mathematica by A. N. Whitehead and B. Russell, Vol.
21. Alonzo Church, "Review: Principia Mathematica by A. N. Whitehead and B. Russell, Volumes II and III, Second Edition, 1927", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 34 (1928): 237–240.

Đọc thêm

• Casati, Roberto, and Achille C. Varzi. Parts and Places: The Structures of Spatial Representation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1999.
• Ford, Lewis. Emergence of Whitehead's Metaphysics, 1925–1929. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1985.
• Hartshorne, Charles. Whitehead's Philosophy: Selected Essays, 1935–1970. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1972.
• Henning, Brian G. The Ethics of Creativity: Beauty, Morality, and Nature in a Processive Cosmos. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005.
• Holtz, Harald and Ernest Wolf-Gazo, eds. Whitehead und der Prozeßbegriff / Whitehead and The Idea of Process. Proceedings of The First International Whitehead-Symposion. Verlag Karl Alber, Freiburg i. B. / München, 1984. ISBN 3-495-47517-6
• Jones, Judith A. Intensity: An Essay in Whiteheadian Ontology. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1998.
• Kraus, Elizabeth M. The Metaphysics of Experience. New York: Fordham University Press, 1979.
• McDaniel, Jay. What is Process Thought?: Seven Answers to Seven Questions. Claremont: P&F Press, 2008.
• McHenry, Leemon. The Event Universe: The Revisionary Metaphysics of Alfred North Whitehead. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015.
• Nobo, Jorge L. Whitehead's Metaphysics of Extension and Solidarity. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1986.
• Price, Lucien. Dialogues of Alfred North Whitehead. New York: Mentor Books, 1956.
• Quine, Willard Van Orman. "Whitehead and the rise of modern logic." In The Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, 125–163. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 1941.
• Rapp, Friedrich and Reiner Wiehl, eds. Whiteheads Metaphysik der Kreativität. Internationales Whitehead-Symposium Bad Homburg 1983. Verlag Karl Alber, Freiburg i. B. / München, 1986. ISBN 3-495-47612-1
• Rescher, Nicholas. Process Metaphysics. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.
• Rescher, Nicholas. Process Philosophy: A Survey of Basic Issues. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001.
• Schilpp, Paul Arthur, ed. The Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 1941. Part of the Library of Living Philosophers series.
• Siebers, Johan. The Method of Speculative Philosophy: An Essay on the Foundations of Whitehead's Metaphysics. Kassel: Kassel University Press GmbH, 2002. ISBN 3-933146-79-8
• Smith, Olav Bryant. Myths of the Self: Narrative Identity and Postmodern Metaphysics. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2004. ISBN 0-7391-0843-3
• Weber, Michel. Whitehead's Pancreativism — The Basics. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2006.
• Weber, Michel. Whitehead’s Pancreativism — Jamesian Applications, Frankfurt / Paris: Ontos Verlag, 2011.
• Weber, Michel and Will Desmond (eds.). Handbook of Whiteheadian Process Thought, Frankfurt / Lancaster: Ontos Verlag, 2008.
• Alan Van Wyk and Michel Weber (eds.). Creativity and Its Discontents.The Response to Whitehead's Process and Reality, Frankfurt / Lancaster: Ontos Verlag, 2009.
• Will, Clifford. Theory and Experiment in Gravitational Physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Liên kết ngoài

• The Philosophy of Organism in Philosophy Now magazine. An accessible summary of Alfred North Whitehead's philosophy.
• Center for Process Studies in Claremont, California. A faculty research center of Claremont School of Theology, in association with Claremont Graduate University. The Center organizes conferences and events and publishes materials pertaining to Whitehead and process thought. It also maintains extensive Whitehead-related bibliographies.
• Summary of Whitehead's Philosophy A Brief Introduction to Whitehead's Metaphysics
• Society for the Study of Process Philosophies, a scholarly society that holds periodic meetings in conjunction with each of the divisional meetings of the American Philosophical Association, as well as at the annual meeting of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy.
• "Alfred North Whitehead" in the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, by John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson.
• "Alfred North Whitehead: New World Philosopher" Lưu trữ 2007-02-11 tại Wayback Machine at the Harvard Square Library.
• Jesus, Jazz, and Buddhism: Process Thinking for a More Hospitable World
• "What is Process Thought?" an introductory video series to process thought by Jay McDaniel.
• Centre de philosophie pratique « Chromatiques whiteheadiennes »
• "Whitehead's Principle of Relativity" by John Lighton Synge on arXiv.org
• Whitehead at Monoskop.org, with extensive bibliography.
• Các tác phẩm của Alfred North Whitehead tại Dự án Gutenberg
• Các tác phẩm của hoặc nói về Alfred North Whitehead tại Internet Archive
• Tác phẩm của Alfred North Whitehead trên LibriVox (sách audio thuộc phạm vi công cộng) LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)