↑International Game Fish Association 1991. World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, Estats Units.
↑Coad, B.W. i J.D. Reist 2004. Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p.
↑ 6,06,1Frimodt, C. 1995. Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, Anglaterra. 215 p.
↑International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (UICN). 1990 IUCN red list of threatened animals. UICN, Gland, Suïssa i Cambridge, Gran Bretanya. 288 p.
↑Hugg, D.O. 1996. MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, Estats Units.