Líder do Partido Conservador

O líder do Partido Conservador (oficialmente o líder do Partido Conservador e Unionista ) lidera o Partido Conservador Britânico como seu membro mais antigo. A atual titular do cargo é Liz Truss, que foi eleita para o cargo a partir de 5 de setembro, após sua vitória nas eleições para a liderança do partido.^[1] Truss renunciou ao cargo de líder em 20 de outubro de 2022, apenas 45 dias após ser eleito. Outro líder substituirá Truss em 28 de outubro. Até então, ela permanece titular.

Desde a formação do partido em 1834 até 1922, o líder do Partido Conservador não era um cargo formal; em vez disso, havia um líder partidário em cada câmara do Parlamento, e eles eram considerados iguais, a menos que um tivesse precedência sobre o outro, como quando um estava servindo como primeiro-ministro. Após a aprovação da Lei do Parlamento de 1911, a redução do poder na Câmara dos Lordes sugeriu que o líder conservador na Câmara dos Comuns seria preeminente, mas esse fato não foi formalizado até 1922.

Desde 1922, um líder do Partido Conservador é eleito formalmente, mesmo quando o partido é da oposição. Originalmente, o líder do partido foi nomeado de forma opaca por outros membros de alto escalão do partido. Esse processo foi gradualmente democratizado no final do século XX; em 1965, a nomeação estava vinculada à votação dos deputados partidários e, em 1998, o processo foi aberto a todos os partidários para decidir entre os dois últimos candidatos selecionados pelos parlamentares.^[2][3]

De acordo com as regras do partido, os membros podem votar na liderança conservadora mesmo que não sejam cidadãos britânicos, não vivam no Reino Unido e não tenham o direito de votar nas eleições gerais do Reino Unido.^[4][5]

Em setembro de 2022, três dos líderes do partido eram mulheres: Margaret Thatcher, Theresa May e Liz Truss, todas como primeira-ministra.

Líderes gerais do partido (1834-1922)

Líder geral (Birth–death)	Retrato	Constituinte / título	Tomou posse	Deixou o escritório	Prime Minister (term)
Sir Robert Peel (1788–1850)		Tamworth	18 de dezembro de 1834 [a]	29 de junho de 1846		ele mesmo 1834–35
						Melbourne 1835–41
						ele mesmo 1841–46
Edward Smith-Stanley 14º Conde de Derby from 1851 (1799-1869)		Barão Stanley (1846-1851) Conde de Derby (1851-1868)	29 de junho de 1846	27 de fevereiro de 1868		Russel 1846–52
						ele mesmo 1852
						Aberdeen 1852–55
						Palmerston 1855–58
						ele mesmo 1858–59
						Palmerston 1859–65
						Russel 1865–66
						ele mesmo 1866–68
Benjamin Disraeli 1º Conde de Beaconsfield from 1876 (1804-1881)		Buckinghamshire (1868–1876) Conde de Beaconsfield (1876-1881)	27 de fevereiro de 1868	19 de abril de 1881 (morreu no escritório)		ele mesmo 1868
						Gladstone 1868–74
						ele mesmo 1874–80
						Gladstone 1880–85
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3º Marquês de Salisbury (1830-1903)		Marquês de Salisbury	23 de junho de 1885	11 de julho de 1902		ele mesmo 1885–86
						Gladstone 1886
						ele mesmo 1886–92
						Gladstone 1892–94
						Rosebery 1894–95
						ele mesmo 1895–1902
Arthur Balfour (1848-1930)		Leste de Manchester ( 1902-1906 ) Cidade de Londres ( 1906-1911 )	11 de julho de 1902	13 de novembro de 1911		ele mesmo 1902–05
						C.- 1905–08
						Asquith 1908–16
David Lloyd George (1916–22)
Andrew Bonar Law (1858–1923)		Bootle (1916-1918) Centro de Glasgow (1918-1921)	10 de dezembro de 1916	21 de março de 1921		1921-1922

Líderes do partido (1922-presente)

Linha do tempo

Ex-líderes partidários vivos

Há oito ex-líderes do partido vivos. Do mais velho ao mais novo:

Líder	Mandato	Data de nascimento
Michael Howard	2003–2005	7 de julho de 1941 (83 anos)
John Major	1990–1995	29 de março de 1943 (81 anos)
	1995–1997
Iain Duncan Smith	2001–2003	9 de abril de 1954 (70 anos)
Teresa May	2016–2019	1 de outubro de 1956 (68 anos)
William Haia	1997–2001	26 de março de 1961 (63 anos)
Boris Johnson	2019–2022	19 de junho de 1964 (60 anos)
David Cameron	2005–2016	9 de outubro de 1966 (58 anos)
Liz Truss	2022	26 de julho de 1975 (49 anos)

Líderes da Câmara dos Lordes e dos Comuns

Líderes na Câmara dos Lordes (1834-presente)

Os asteriscos foram considerados o líder geral do partido.

• O Duque de Wellington : 1834-1846
• Lord Stanley (14º Conde de Derby de 1851): 9 de março de 1846 - 27 de fevereiro de 1868 *, eleito em uma reunião do partido
• O Conde de Malmesbury : 1868-1869, nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Disraeli
• The Lord Cairns : 1869-1870, eleito em uma reunião do partido 

Portrait	Leader	Term of office		LOTO	Other ministerial offices held as Leader of the House of Lords
	The Duke of Richmond and Lennox	26 February 1870	21 August 1876	1870–1874	– Lord President of the Council (21 February 1874 – 28 April 1880)
	The Earl of Beaconsfield*	21 August 1876	19 April 1881	1880–1881	– Prime Minister (20 February 1874 – 21 April 1880) – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (12 August 1876 – 4 February 1878)
	The Marquess of Salisbury*	9 May 1881	12 July 1902	1881–1885 1886 1892–1895	– Prime Minister (23 June 1885 – 28 January 1886) – Foreign Secretary (24 June 1885 – 6 February 1886) – Prime Minister (25 July 1886 – 11 August 1892) – Foreign Secretary (14 January 1887 – 11 August 1892) – Prime Minister (25 June 1895 – 11 July 1902) – Foreign Secretary (29 June 1895 – 12 November 1900) – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (12 November 1900 – 11 July 1902)
	The Duke of Devonshire	12 July 1902	10 October 1903		– Lord President of the Council (29 June 1895 – 19 October 1903) – President of the Board of Education (3 March 1900 – 8 August 1902)
	The Marquess of Lansdowne	10 October 1903	10 December 1916	1905–1915	– Foreign Secretary (12 November 1900 – 4 December 1905) – Minister without Portfolio (25 May 1915 – 10 December 1916)
	The Earl Curzon of Kedleston (1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston from 1921)	10 December 1916	20 March 1925	1924	– President of the Air Board (15 May 1916 – 3 January 1917) – Lord President of the Council (10 December 1916 – 23 October 1919) – Foreign Secretary (23 October 1919 – 22 January 1924) – Lord President of the Council (3 November 1924 – 20 March 1925)
	The Marquess of Salisbury	27 April 1925	17 June 1931	1929–1931	– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (6 November 1924 – 4 June 1929)
	The Viscount Hailsham	17 June 1931	7 June 1935	1931	– War Secretary (5 November 1931 – 7 June 1935)
	The Marquess of Londonderry	7 June 1935	22 November 1935		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Viscount Halifax	22 November 1935	21 February 1938		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (22 November 1935 – 28 May 1937) – Lord President of the Council (22 May 1937 – 9 March 1938)
	The Earl Stanhope	21 February 1938	14 May 1940		– President of the Board of Education (28 May 1937 – 27 October 1938) – First Lord of the Admiralty (27 October 1938 – 3 September 1939) – Lord President of the Council (3 September 1939 – 10 May 1940)
	The Viscount Caldecot	14 May 1940	3 October 1940		– Dominions Secretary
	The Viscount Halifax	3 October 1940	22 December 1940		– Foreign Secretary (21 February 1938 – 22 December 1940)
	The Lord Lloyd	22 December 1940	8 February 1941		– Colonial Secretary (12 May 1940 – 4 February 1941)
	The Lord Moyne	8 February 1941	22 February 1942		– Colonial Secretary
	Viscount Cranborne (5th Marquess of Salisbury from 1947)	21 February 1942	29 March 1957	1945–1951	– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (21 February 1942 – 24 September 1943) – Colonial Secretary (21 February 1942 – 22 November 1942) – Dominions Secretary (24 September 1943 – 26 July 1945) – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (28 October 1951 – 7 May 1952) – Commonwealth Relations Secretary (12 March 1952 – 24 November 1952) – Lord President of the Council (25 November 1952 – 29 March 1957)
	The Earl of Home	29 March 1957	27 July 1960		– Commonwealth Relations Secretary (7 April 1955 – 27 July 1960) – Lord President of the Council (until 17 September 1957, from 14 October 1959)
	The Viscount Hailsham	27 July 1960	20 October 1963		– Lord President of the Council – Minister for Science (14 October 1959 – 20 October 1963)
	The Lord Carrington	20 October 1963	20 June 1970	1964–1970	– Minister without Portfolio (20 October 1963 – 16 October 1964)
	The Earl Jellicoe	20 June 1970	23 May 1973		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Lord Windlesham	23 May 1973	4 March 1974		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Lord Carrington	4 March 1974	4 May 1979	1974–1979	–
	The Lord Soames	5 May 1979	14 September 1981		– Lord President of the Council
	The Baroness Young	14 September 1981	11 June 1983		– Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (14 September 1981 – 7 April 1982) – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (7 April 1982 – 11 June 1983)
	The Viscount Whitelaw	11 June 1983	10 January 1988		– Lord President of the Council
	The Lord Belstead	10 January 1988	28 November 1990		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Lord Waddington	28 November 1990	11 April 1992		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Lord Wakeham	11 April 1992	20 July 1994		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	Viscount Cranborne (7th Marquess of Salisbury from 2003)	20 July 1994	3 December 1998	1997–1998	– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (20 July 1994 – 2 May 1997)
	The Lord Strathclyde	3 December 1998	7 January 2013	1998–2010	– Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (12 May 2010 – 7 January 2013)
	The Lord Hill of Oareford	7 January 2013	15 July 2014		– Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
	The Baroness Stowell of Beeston	15 July 2014	14 July 2016		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Baroness Evans of Bowes Park	14 July 2016	6 September 2022		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Lord True	6 September 2022	Incumbent		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal

Líderes na Câmara dos Comuns (1834-1922)

Os asteriscos foram considerados o líder geral do partido.

• Sir Robert Peel : 18 de dezembro de 1834 ^[a] – 1846*
• Lord George Bentinck : 1846-1847
• O Marquês de Granby : 9 de fevereiro de 1848 - 4 de março de 1848, eleito em uma reunião do partido 
• Nenhum: 1848–1849
• Conjuntamente Benjamin Disraeli, o Marquês de Granby, e John Charles Herries : 1849-1852, ^[b] eleito em uma reunião do partido 
• Benjamin Disraeli : 1852 – 21 de agosto de 1876 (líder geral de 27 de fevereiro de 1868)
• Sir Stafford Northcote : 21 de agosto de 1876 - 24 de junho de 1885, nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Beaconsfield
• Sir Michael Hicks Beach : 24 de junho de 1885 - 3 de agosto de 1886, nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Salisbury
• Lord Randolph Churchill : 3 de agosto de 1886 - 14 de janeiro de 1887, nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Salisbury
• William Henry Smith : 17 de janeiro de 1887 - 6 de outubro de 1891, nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Salisbury
• Arthur Balfour : 1891 – 13 de janeiro de 1906, ^[c] nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Salisbury (líder geral de 1902)
• Joseph Chamberlain : 1906
• Arthur Balfour : 1906 – 13 de novembro de 1911*
• Lei Bonar : 13 de novembro de 1911 - 21 de março de 1921, eleito em uma reunião do partido (líder geral de 1916)
• Austen Chamberlain : 21 de março de 1921 - 23 de outubro de 1922, eleito em uma reunião do partido 

Eleições de líderes conservadores por reunião do partido

Câmara dos Comuns

#	Date of meeting	Name of leader elected	Category attending meeting	Location of meeting	Chair	Proposer	Seconder	Refs
1	9 February 1848	The Marquess of Granby	Protectionist commoners	Residence of George Bankes	—	—	—	[7] [8]
2	1 February 1849	Benjamin Disraeli	—	Residence of the Lord Stanley of Bickerstaffe	—	—	—	[9]
		The Marquess of Granby
		John Charles Herries
3	13 November 1911	Bonar Law	Unionist Members of Parliament	Carlton Club, Pall Mall	Henry Chaplin, senior Privy Councillor on the Unionist benches (appointed 1885)	Walter Long	Austen Chamberlain	[10]
4	21 March 1921	Austen Chamberlain	Unionist Members of Parliament	Carlton Club, Pall Mall	Lord Edmund Talbot, Conservative Chief Whip	Captain Ernest George Pretyman	Sir Edward Coates: "a back bencher and one of the rank and file"	[11]
5	23 October 1922	Bonar Law	Unionist peers, MPs, and candidates	Hotel Cecil, The Strand	The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, Leader of the House of Lords	The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston	Stanley Baldwin: "chosen ... to be the spokesman for the House of Commons"	[12]
6	28 May 1923	Stanley Baldwin	"Conservative Party"	Hotel Cecil, The Strand	The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, Leader of the House of Lords	The Earl of Derby	Captain Ernest George Pretyman: "a member of the House of Commons who [had] been a colleague in that House of Mr Bonar Law for something over 25 years"	[13]
7	31 May 1937	Neville Chamberlain	"peers and MPs who receive the Conservative whip, ... prospective candidates who have been adopted by constituency associations, and ... members of the executive committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist associations from England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland."	Caxton Hall, Caxton Street	The Viscount Halifax, Leader of the House of Lords	The Earl of Derby	Winston Churchill (Privy Councillor since 1907)	[14]
8	9 October 1940	Winston Churchill	"Peers and MPs who receive the Conservative whip, ... prospective candidates who have been adopted by constituency associations, and ... members of the Executive Committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations from England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland."	London	The Viscount Halifax, Leader of the House of Lords	The Viscount Halifax	Sir George Courthope: "one of the senior back benchers of the party"	[15]
9	21 April 1955	Sir Anthony Eden	"Conservative and National Liberal members of the two Houses of Parliament, Conservative and National Liberal parliamentary candidates and members of the executive committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations"	Church House, Dean's Yard, Westminster	The Marquess of Salisbury, Leader of the House of Lords	The Marquess of Salisbury	Rab Butler (Privy Councillor since 1939)	[16]
10	22 January 1957	Harold Macmillan	"Conservative and Unionist members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons, ... prospective parliamentary candidates and ... members of the executive committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations. National Liberal members of both Houses of Parliament and adopted prospective candidates were also present"	—	The Marquess of Salisbury, Leader of the House of Lords	The Marquess of Salisbury	Rab Butler (Privy Councillor since 1939)	[17]
11	11 November 1963	Sir Alec Douglas-Home	"members of both Houses of Parliament taking the Conservative whip, prospective candidates who [had] been adopted by constituency associations, members of the executive of the mass party, and National Liberal MPs and adopted prospective candidates"	Church House, Dean's Yard, Westminster	The Lord Carrington, Leader of the House of Lords	The Lord Carrington	Geoffrey Lloyd: "the senior Conservative Privy Councillor in the Commons next in line to Sir Winston Churchill" (appointed 1943)	[18]

Câmara dos Lordes

#	Date of meeting	Name of leader elected	Category attending meeting	Location of meeting	Chair	Proposer	Seconder	Notes
1	9 March 1846	The Lord Stanley of Bickerstaffe	Peers	Residence of the Duke of Richmond	The Earl of Eglinton	—	—	[19]
2	15 February 1869	The Earl Cairns	23 peers	—	The Earl of Malmesbury	The Earl of Malmesbury	—	[20]
3	26 February 1870	The Duke of Richmond	Peers	Carlton Club	—	The Marquess of Salisbury	The Earl of Derby	[21]
4	9 May 1881	The Marquess of Salisbury	Conservative members of the House of Lords	Residence of the Marquess of Abergavenny	The Marquess of Abergavenny	The Duke of Richmond	The Earl Cairns	[22]

Veja também

• Comitê de 1922
• Lista de legislaturas por país
• Long Parliament
• Política do Reino Unido
• Rump parliament
• Short Parliament

Notas

1. Date of the Tamworth Manifesto.
2. Granby resigned "either in the end of December [1851] or on one of the first days of January [1852]".^[6]
3. Date on which Balfour failed to be elected in Manchester East.

Referências

1. «Liz Truss set to become new UK Conservative prime minister». AP NEWS (em inglês). 5 de setembro de 2022. Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2022 
2. «Constitution of the Conservative Party» (PDF). Janeiro de 2021. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 20 de setembro de 2021 
3. Alexandre-Collier, Agnès (1 de novembro de 2018). «Brexit reveals the fractures of the British Conservatives». Le Monde diplomatique (em francês). Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2022 
4. Nevett, Joshua (12 de agosto de 2022). «Tory leadership election: Meet the overseas voters picking the next PM» 
5. Smith, Hannah (10 de agosto de 2022). «Who can vote in the Conservative leadership contest?» 
6. Monypenny, William Flavelle; Buckle, George Earle (1914). The life of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield, Volume III. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 312–3 
7. "A Cabinet Council was held at half-past 2 o'clock." Times [London, England] 10 Feb. 1848: 4. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 25 July 2014.
8. Malmesbury, The Right Hon. [James Howard Harris,] the [3rd] Earl of (1885). Memoirs of an Ex-Minister. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 151–2 
9. Monypenny, William Flavelle; Buckle, George Earle (1914). The life of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield, Volume III. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 138–9 
10. "The Unionist Leadership." Times [London, England] 14 Nov. 1911: 9. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
11. "Unionist M.P.s' New Leader." Times [London, England] 22 Mar. 1921: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
12. "Unionists Elect Mr. Bonar Law." Times [London, England] 24 Oct. 1922: 18. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 25 July 2014.
13. "Conservative Leader." Times [London, England] 29 May 1923: 19. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
14. "The New Leader And The Old." Times [London, England] 1 June 1937: 17+. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
15. "Conservative Leader." Times [London, England] 10 Oct. 1940: 2. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
16. Our Political Correspondent. "Sir A. Eden as Leader." Times [London, England] 22 Apr. 1955: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
17. «Mr. Macmillan states Party philosophy». The Times. London. 23 de janeiro de 1957 
18. Our Political Correspondent. (12 de novembro de 1963). «Prime Minister is Ageless». The Times. London. p. 12 
19. Malmesbury, The Right Hon. [James Howard Harris,] the [3rd] Earl of (1885). Memoirs of an Ex-Minister. London: Longmans, Green, and Co 
20. Malmesbury, The Right Hon. [James Howard Harris,] the [3rd] Earl of (1885). Memoirs of an Ex-Minister. London: Longmans, Green, and Co 
21. "We are enabled to state that, in compliance with." Times [London, England] 28 Feb. 1870: 9. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 26 July 2014.
22. "Meeting Of The Conservative Peers." Times [London, England] 10 May 1881: 10. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 25 July 2014.

Ligações externas

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