Mulheres no campo da história da arte

Linda Nochlin, 2012

As mulheres tornaram-se profissionalmente ativas na disciplina acadêmica de história da arte no século XIX e participaram da importante mudança no início do século que começou envolvendo um "assunto visual enfaticamente corpóreo", com Vernon Lee como um exemplo notável[1]. Argumenta-se que no século XX as historiadoras da arte (e curadoras), ao escolherem estudar mulheres artistas, "aumentaram dramaticamente" sua visibilidade[2]. Foi escrito que as mulheres artistas antes de 1974 eram historicamente um de dois grupos; historiadoras da arte e autoras que se dirigem conscientemente ao público do ensino médio por meio da publicação de livros didáticos[3]. A relativa "novidade" desse campo de estudo para as mulheres, aliada à possibilidade de foco interdisciplinar, enfatiza a importância da visibilidade de todas as mulheres globais no campo da história da arte[4].

Educação e Emprego

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Nos Estados Unidos, o emprego profissional e acadêmico para historiadoras da arte não era, no início da década de 1970, compatível com o número de mulheres doutoras em história da arte. Entre 1960 e 1969, 30,1% dos doutorados foram concedidos a mulheres, mas esses números aumentaram significativamente durante esse período: entre 1960 e 1965, foi de 27%, mas entre 1966 e 1967, subiu para 43,5%. Em 1970-1971, as historiadoras da arte em departamentos de arte nos EUA representavam 23,1% dos instrutores, 21,6% dos professores assistentes, 17,5% dos professores associados e apenas 11,1% dos professores titulares. A comparação com os números dos mesmos anos para mulheres nas línguas, de um estudo feito pela Modern Language Association, mostrou que "mulheres em profissões da C.A.A. College Art Association enfrentaram uma discriminação mais severa do que mulheres em campos de M.L.A.". Tendências semelhantes foram relatadas para salário e emprego em ensino de estúdio ("estatísticas preliminares... indicam que mulheres artistas recebem uma parcela desproporcionalmente pequena de empregos de estúdio em tempo integral") e em museus ("particularmente significativa foi a tendência de contratar mulheres com bacharelado para serem secretárias e homens com bacharelado para programas de trainee que rapidamente os promoveram para posições mais desafiadoras)[5].

A história das mulheres na profissão também sugere que a própria educação artística se beneficiou da presença crescente de historiadoras de arte profissionais, uma vez que as estudantes às vezes achavam necessário "refazer" uma educação na qual apenas um ponto de vista masculino havia sido fornecido. Paula Harper, "uma das primeiras historiadoras de arte a trazer uma perspectiva feminista ao estudo da pintura e da escultura"[6], e Moira Roth compartilharam a mesma experiência de um "treinamento unilateral", de se sentirem excluídas[7]. A discriminação contra "mulheres em departamentos de arte de faculdades e universidades e museus de arte" foi, no início da década de 1970, a causa imediata para a fundação do Women's Caucus for Art[8].

Em um estudo estatístico sobre o emprego nos EUA entre faculdades de arte publicado em 1977, Sandra Packard observa que "nos departamentos de arte o número de mulheres vem diminuindo desde a década de 1930", e que o número de mulheres em faculdades de arte em institutos de ensino superior "diminuiu de 22% em 1963 para um mínimo de 19,5% em 1974", e cita estatísticas sugerindo que "embora as mulheres estejam concentradas nas categorias mais baixas nas faculdades de arte, elas têm mais doutorados do que seus colegas homens"[9].

Representação

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  • O Women's Caucus for Art (WCA), uma representação para historiadoras de arte, artistas e curadoras foi fundado na reunião de 1972 da College Art Association (CAA), mas se restabeleceu como uma organização independente em 1974 depois que a CAA disse que não poderiam mais usar o nome CAA. De acordo com Judith Brodsky, a CAA era, na época, uma organização muito dominada por homens; ela observa, no entanto, em um artigo de 1977, que o Caucus recebe espaço e tempo na conferência anual da CAA e no periódico da CAA, Art Journal[10]. Um prêmio pelo conjunto da obra (Women's Caucus for Art Lifetime Achievement Award) foi instalado em 1979. Os objetivos da organização incluem "fornecer às mulheres oportunidades de liderança e desenvolvimento profissional" e "expandir oportunidades de networking e exposição para mulheres", e para esse propósito publica um boletim informativo, organiza sessões em conferências e administra bancos de dados para "arte e ativismo". Em 2012, a WCA comemorou seu 40º aniversário e publicou um panfleto para a cerimônia anual de premiação que também inclui uma série de ensaios históricos e reflexões dos ex-presidentes.[11]
  • O Committee on Women in the Arts (CWA) opera sob os auspícios da College Art Association e defende a bolsa de estudos feminista. A cada ano, o comitê concede um "Distinguished Feminist Award"[12]
  • Em 2019, a jornalista Mona Chalabi concluiu um estudo sobre museus e diversidade nos Estados Unidos, descobrindo que em 18 grandes museus as coleções de arte são representadas por 85% de artistas brancos e 87% de artistas homens[13]. Muitos museus dos Estados Unidos (como a National Portrait Gallery) se comprometeram nos últimos anos a aumentar a diversidade em suas coleções de arte e em contratações. Como resultado, uma nova geração de mulheres historiadoras da arte, muitas das quais também são mulheres de cor, se juntou a instituições importantes[14][15].

Mulheres Historiadoras Notáveis

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Nome Nacionalidade Data de nascimento Especialização Profissão
Ackerman, PhyllisPhyllis Ackerman Norte-americana 1893–1977 Arte persa, Arte da China, Tecido têxtil, Tapeçaria Co-fundadora do Asia Institute, autora, Design de interiores
Ahmady, LeezaLeeza Ahmady Afegã - Norte-americana 1972 Central Asian art, Diáspora[16] Curadora independente e diretora da Asia Contemporary Art Week
Ainsworth, MaryanMaryan Ainsworth Norte-americana Pintura do norte da Europa dos séculos XIV, XV e XVI, especialmente em Pintura flamenga (séculos XV e XVI) Professora Kress-Beinecke no Centro de Estudos Avançados em Artes Visuais (CASVA) da Galeria Nacional de Arte em Washington, D.C.. Ela também é curadora de pinturas europeias no Museu Metropolitano de Arte, em Nova York.[17].
Alpers, SvetlanaSvetlana Alpers[18] Norte-americana 1936 Pintura do Século de Ouro dos Países Baixos Historiadora da Arte
Al-Wardi, Mouza Sulaiman MohamedMouza Sulaiman Mohamed Al-Wardi Omã Prataria de Oman Diretora do Departamento de Coleção do National Museum (Oman).
Amaki, AmaliaAmalia Amaki Afro-americana 1949 Arte americana Artista, Professora de Arte Moderna e Contemporânea na University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa de 2007 a 2012.[19]
Anstruther-Thomson, ClementinaClementina Anstruther-Thomson Escocesa 1857–1921 Estética experimental durante a Era vitoriana Autora, Teórica da arte, Crítica de arte
Antonelli, PaolaPaola Antonelli Italiana 1963 Arte moderna, design Curadora
Antonova, IrinaIrina Antonova União Soviética, Rússia 1922–2020 Impressionismo, Arte moderna Diretora do Museu Pushkin em Moscou de 1961 a 2013.
Archer, MildredMildred Archer Inglesa 1911–2005 Arte dos séculos XVIII e XIX em Índia britânica Curadora
Arscott, CarolineCaroline Arscott Inglesa Arte vitoriana, Arte do século XIX Historiadora da arte
Ashrafi, MuqadammaMuqadamma Ashrafi Tajiquistanesa 1936–2013 Artes e pinturas medievais da Ásia Central Autora, Pesquisadora
Ashton, DoreDore Ashton Norte-americana 1928–2017 Arte moderna, Arte contemporânea Escritora, Professora, Crítica de Arte
Askew, PamelaPamela Askew Norte-americana 1925–1997 Domenico Fetti e Caravaggio Professora
Atasoy, NurhanNurhan Atasoy Turca 1934 Arte otomana e arquitetura Historiadora da Arte
Auerbach, ErnaErna Auerbach Alemã 1897–1975 Período Tudor na Inglaterra, Arte feminista Autora
Avery, MyrtillaMyrtilla Avery Norte-americana 1869–1959 Arte medieval Professora na Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art, ex-presidente do Departamento de Arte da Wellesley College e diretora do Farnsworth Art Museum de 1930 a 1937.
Babaie, SussanSussan Babaie Iraniana 1954 Arte persa, Arte islâmica da Idade Moderna Professora do Instituto Courtauld, historiadora da arte e escritora
Baert, BarbaraBarbara Baert Belga 1967 Medievalista Iconologista Historiadora da Arte
Bal, MiekeMieke Bal Holandesa 1946 Arte moderna, Arte contemporânea Teoria da Cultura, Videoartista
Banti, AnnaAnna Banti Italiana 1895–1985 Barroco italiano, Mulheres artistas Escritora, Historiadora da Arte, Crítica de Arte, Tradutora
Banti, LuisaLuisa Banti Italian 1894–1978 Etruscan art Archaeologist, art historian, writer
Baticle, JeannineJeannine Baticle French 1920–2014 Spanish art Former Honorary Deputy Director and Chief Curator of the Department of Paintings of the Louvre museum.
Barnes, RuthRuth Barnes English b. 1956 Material culture, South and Southeast Asian Textiles Art historian, curator
Barber, Leila CookLeila Cook Barber American 1903–1984 Renaissance art and Medieval art Art historian, professor of art history at Vassar College.
Beckett, WendyWendy Beckett (aka 'Sister Wendy') English 1930–2018 Catholic art Art historian, Catholic nun
Beer, EllenEllen Beer Swiss 1926–2004 Medieval art Art historian, professor
Behling, LottlisaLottlisa Behling German 1909–1989 Medieval art Art historian, professor
Berenson, MaryMary Berenson[20][21] American 1864–1945 Italian Renaissance Art historian, lecturer
Dorléac, Laurence BertrandLaurence Bertrand Dorléac French b. 1957 Modern and contemporary Art historian, professor, curator
Betterton, RosemaryRosemary Betterton English b. 1951 Feminism and contemporary art Art historian, professor, author
Bieber, MargareteMargarete Bieber[22] German 1879–1978 Theatre, sculpture, and clothing of ancient Rome and Greece Art historian, professor
Billeter, ErikaErika Billeter German, Swiss 1927–2011 Latino art, contemporary art Curator, writer, museum director at the Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts.
Bing, GertrudGertrud Bing German 1892–1964 Classical tradition Director of the Warburg Institute[23]
Blum, Shirley NeilsenShirley Neilsen Blum[24] American b. 1932 Northern Renaissance art, early Netherlandish art, and modern art. Art historian, author, gallerist, co-founder of Ferus Gallery, and professor emeritus at the State University of New York, Purchase (1970–1989).
Bober, Phyllis PrayPhyllis Pray Bober[25] American 1920–2002 Renaissance art, classical antiquity, culinary history Author, professor emerita at Bryn Mawr College.[26]
Boggs, Jean SutherlandJean Sutherland Boggs [27] Canadian b. 1922 Nineteenth-century French art, Degas Curator, art historian, and first female director of the National Gallery of Canada
Boner, AliceAlice Boner Swiss 1889–1981 Indian symbols in art history Art historian focused on symbols in Indian art, also an artist
Borea, EvelinaEvelina Borea Italian b. 1931 Italian art history Author, curator
Broude, NormaNorma Broude American b. 1941 Impressionism and feminist art history Art historian, Author and emerita professor at American University
Borzello, FrancesFrances Borzello English Feminist art history including; social history of art, female portraiture, and female nudes. Author, scholar, feminist art critic
Breeskin, Adelyn DohmeAdelyn Dohme Breeskin American 1896–1986 Mary Cassatt Curator, museum director, and art historian at Baltimore Museum of Art
Brookner, AnitaAnita Brookner English b. 1936 Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Jacques-Louis David Author, Slade professor of fine art at Cambridge University,[28] her early work focused on art history and later work was fiction novels
Browse, LillianLillian Browse English 1906–2005 Augustus John, Edgar Degas, James Dickson Innes Art dealer, art historian
Bruggen, Coosje vanCoosje van Bruggen Dutch, American 1942–2009 Dutch avant-garde art Artist, art historian[29]
Bucarelli, PalmaPalma Bucarelli Italian 1910–1998 avant-garde art Director of the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna (GNAM) from 1942 to 1975, art critic
Bulling, AnnelieseAnneliese Bulling German, American 1900–2004 Sinologist, Chinese art and architecture Art lecturer, art historian
Campbell, AndriannaAndrianna Campbell American Nineteenth and twentieth-century American art, Norman Lewis, Abstract Expressionism Art historian, curator
Caragol, TaínaTaína Caragol American Latino Art Curator for Latino Art and History at the National Portrait Gallery, author
Carbonell, Teresa GisbertTeresa Gisbert Carbonell Bolivian b. 1926 Andean art history Art historian
Caws, Mary AnnMary Ann Caws American b. 1933 Modern Art, contemporary art Author, literary critic, art historian
Chadwick, WhitneyWhitney Chadwick American b. 1943 Feminist art critic, contemporary art, modernism, Surrealism, gender and sexuality Author, Professor Emerita at San Francisco State University
Chaffee, CathleenCathleen Chaffee American contemporary art Chief curator at Albright–Knox Art Gallery.
Chang, Sheng-ChingSheng-Ching Chang Taiwanese b. 1963 Chinese art history and cultural interactions Professor at Fu Jen Catholic University, journalist, writer
Churcher, BettyBetty Churcher Australian 1931–2015 Art historian, first female director of the National Gallery of Australia[30]
Cirlot, LourdesLourdes Cirlot Spanish b. 1949 Spanish and Catalan avant-garde art, 20-century art
Comini, AlessandraAlessandra Comini American b. 1934 American women artists, Egon Schiele's portraiture Academic lecturer, writer, a founder of the Women's Caucus for Art
Constantine, MildredMildred Constantine American 1913–2008 Poster Art, graphic design Art historian and curator at Museum of Modern Art in the 1950s and 1960s
Cooke, LynneLynne Cooke Australian b. 1952 Modern art, contemporary art Curator
Crooks, JulieJulie Crooks Canadian Curator, head of the department of Arts of Global Africa and the Diaspora at the Art Gallery of Ontario
Crookshank, AnneAnne Crookshank Irish 1927–2016 Irish painting Professor emeritus at Trinity College Dublin.
Crumlin, RosemaryRosemary Crumlin Australian b. 1932 Indigenous Australian art, religious art Author, Sister of Mercy
Cummins, AlissandraAlissandra Cummins Barbadian b. 1958 Caribbean art Director of the Barbados Museum & Historical Society; lecturer in Museum and Heritage Studies at the University of the West Indies.
Damandan, ParisaParisa Damandan Iranian b. 1967 20th century Iranian photography Author, historian
D'Ancona, Mirella LeviMirella Levi D'Ancona American, Italian 1919–2002 Symbolism and iconography in art from the Late Middle Ages period to the Renaissance Professor emeritus at Hunter College, author, art historian.
Dawson, BarbaraBarbara Dawson Irish b. 1957 Modern art Director of the Hugh Lane Gallery, author, curator
d'Ayzac, FélicieFélicie d'Ayzac French 1801–1881 Chartres Cathedral Author, poet, archaeology, one of the first female art historians in France.
Debray, CécileCécile Debray French b. 1966 modern painting, contemporary painting Director of the Musée de l'Orangerie
Décultot, ÉlisabethÉlisabeth Décultot French b. 1968 Germanist, German Enlightenment Literary scholar
Dehejia, VidyaVidya Dehejia Indian Indian and South Asian art Professor of Indian and South Asian Art at Columbia University.
de la Villa, RocioRocio de la Villa Spanish b. 1959 Spanish feminist art, contemporary art Curator, university professor, president of Spanish Society of Aesthetics and Theory of the Arts,[31] a co-founders of Asociación de Mujeres en las Artes Visuales (MAV)
Der Nersessian, SirarpieSirarpie Der Nersessian Armenian 1896–1989 Armenian art, Byzantine art Professor at Wellesley College, Harvard University, Dumbarton Oaks.
des Cars, LaurenceLaurence des Cars French b. 1966 Pre-Raphaelites, English painting Director of the Louvre Museum; former director of Musée d'Orsay, and Musée de l'Orangerie.
Deslandres, YvonneYvonne Deslandres French 1923–1986 Costume, adornment
de Zegher, CatherineCatherine de Zegher Belgium b. 1955 Contemporary art Curator and art historian
Dhamija, JasleenJasleen Dhamija Indian b. 1933 Indian textile history, Indian craft history Professor at University of Minnesota and National Institute of Fashion Technology.
Dhanens, ElisabethElisabeth Dhanens Belgian 1915–2014 Early Netherlandish painting Heritage official
d'Harnoncourt, AnneAnne d'Harnoncourt American 1943–2008 Marcel Duchamp Curator and director of the Philadelphia Museum of Art
Dongerkery, KamalaKamala Dongerkery Indian 1909–1992 Indian embroidery, Indian jewelry, Indian toys Social worker, art historian, author, cultural historian
Doshi, SaryuSaryu Doshi Indian Indian miniature paintings, Jain art Founding director of the National Gallery of Modern Art.
Diba, Layla S.Layla S. Diba Iranian, American 18th/19th-century and contemporary Persian art and the Qajar period Iranian-American independent scholar and curator.
Dickerman, LeahLeah Dickerman American Modern art, Contemporary art Curator, art historian
Dilke, EmiliaEmilia Dilke English 1840–1904 18th-century French art Author, art historian, feminist and trade unionist.[32]
Dimitrova, ElizabetaElizabeta Dimitrova Macedonian b. 1962 Byzantinist, medievalists
Durnovo, LydiaLydia Durnovo Soviet, Russian 1885 –1963 Russian painting, Armenian miniatures, Armenian frescoes Staff of the National Gallery of Armenia
Dwivedi, SharadaSharada Dwivedi Indian 1942–2012 Indian art and architecture history Author of Indian and Mumbaiart and architecture history books
Ebrahimzadeh-Pezeshki, ShahinShahin Ebrahimzadeh-Pezeshki Iranian b. 1958 Persian traditional costume history, Iranian tribal costume history, tribal textile history, Persian embroidery history and craft Author, curator, department head in a university
Ellis, NgarinoNgarino Ellis Māori Māori art history Associate Professor at University of Auckland, has been the only Māori art historian employed at a New Zealand university. Author.
Emery, IreneIrene Emery American 1900–1981 Textile anthropologist Author, curator of the Textile Museum
Joan Evans English 1893–1977 French and English mediaeval art Art historian
Farhad, MassumehMassumeh Farhad American Islamic, Iranian, Turkish art history Chief Curator and Curator of Islamic Art at the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Asian Art.
Ffoulkes, Constance JocelynConstance Jocelyn Ffoulkes British 1858–1950 Italian Scholar, she participated in the adoption of a modernization of European methods of research.
Field, Judith V.Judith V. Field British b. 1943 Geometrical art, mathematical art Scholar, mathematician, research fellow in the Department of History of Art of Birkbeck, University of London
Floyd, Margaret HendersonMargaret Henderson Floyd American 1932–1997 Boston architecture including Henry Hobson Richardson, and Longfellow, Alden and Harlow. Professor of Architectural History at Tufts University.
Fernandez-Cao, Marian LopezMarian Lopez Fernandez-Cao Spanish b. 1964 Spanish feminist art, contemporary art, and the works of Sonia Delaunay University professor and researcher, former president of Asociación de Mujeres en las Artes Visuales (MAV)
Gainza, María Concepción GarcíaMaría Concepción García Gainza Spanish b. 1937 Contemporary art, Spanish Renaissance
Gardner, HelenHelen Gardner American 1878–1946 Author of Art Through the Ages, an art history textbook
Garrard, MaryMary Garrard American b. 1940 Italian Baroque art and feminist art history Art historian, Author, emerita professor at American University
Gonnard, CatherineCatherine Gonnard French b. 1958 Women, gender and art Art historian, journalist, writer, activist
Graevenitz, Antje vonAntje von Graevenitz German b. 1940 20th and 21st-century art Art historian, art critic
Grenier, CatherineCatherine Grenier French Alberto Giacometti Director of the Giacometti Foundation.[33]
Guha-Thakurta, TapatiTapati Guha-Thakurta Indian b. 1957 Indian art of the 19th and 20th century Professor at the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta.
Haidar, Navina NajatNavina Najat Haidar Indian, British Islamic art Chief curator of Islamic art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Harper, PaulaPaula Harper American 1930–2012 Feminist art, Camille Pissarro, contemporary art Art historian, art critic, art lecturer, author
Heenk, LiesbethLiesbeth Heenk Dutch b. 1962 Vincent van Gogh
Herrera, HaydenHayden Herrera[18] American b. 1940 Frida Kahlo, Arshile Gorky, Joan Snyder Art historian, author, foremost scholar on Kahlo.
Hills, HelenHelen Hills British b 1960 architecture and gender; female conventual architecture in southern Italy; social class and gender and religious devotion and visual art; the baroque south Professor, curator, writer
Himid, LubainaLubaina Himid English b. 1954 Contemporary art, United Kingdom's Black Art movement Professor, curator
Hoff, UrsulaUrsula Hoff German, Australian 1909–2005 Australian art, the works of Rembrandt Scholar, academic, curator, author, critic, and lecturer. Deputy Director of the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne (1968–1973); London Adviser of the Felton Bequest (1975–83).
Hoffmann, MeikeMeike Hoffmann German b. 1962 Die Brücke art movement, German art history Provenance researcher, author
Högkvist, StinaStina Högkvist Swedish b. 1972 Curator, Director of Collections at National Museum, in Oslo, Norway
Hopkins, CandiceCandice Hopkins Carcross/Tagish First Nation b. 1977 Indigenous art history Independent curator, writer, and researcher.
Holly, Michael AnnMichael Ann Holly American Historiography of art history Art historian
Humbert, AgnèsAgnès Humbert French 1894–1963 French art, Louis David, Henri Matisse Art historian, ethnographer, and a member of the French Resistance during World War II.
Igloliorte, HeatherHeather Igloliorte Inuit b. 1979 Indigenous art history
Jim, Alice Ming WaiAlice Ming Wai Jim Canadian Contemporary Asian art, contemporary Asian Canadian art, remix culture Professor, art historian, curator
Jones, KellieKellie Jones[18] American b. 1959 African-American art and artists Professor, curator, MacArthur Fellow
Jones, AmeliaAmelia Jones American b. 1961 Dada, Feminist art, Performance art, Body art Art historian, art theorist, curator, author, university professor, art critic
Kahn, DeborahDeborah Kahn American b. 1953 European Medieval art and architecture, Canterbury Cathedral Professor, author
Kapur, GeetaGeeta Kapur Indian b. 1943 Indian contemporary art
Ebba Koch Austrian Indian art history, Mughal-era (architecture, gardens, painting, applied arts), and connecting imperial symbolism. Professor at the Institute of Art History in Vienna, Austria.
Klonk, CharlotteCharlotte Klonk German Modern Art, Contemporary Art, Museology Art historian
Kramrisch, StellaStella Kramrisch Austrian 1896–1993 Indian art of the 20th-century Professor, curator
Krauss, RosalindRosalind Krauss American b. 1941 20th-century painting, sculpture and photography Author, associate editor of Artforum from 1971 to 1974, professor at Columbia University
Kuhn, AnnetteAnnette Kuhn English b. 1945 Feminist film theory, visual culture, cultural memory Author, researcher, historian
Kwon, MiwonMiwon Kwon Korean b.1961 Contemporary art, site-specific art, land art
Kuo, MichelleMichelle Kuo American b.1977 or 1978 Historian, curator of painting and sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art, editor-in-chief of Artforum from 2010 to 2017
Lajer-Burcharth, EwaEwa Lajer-Burcharth Polish 18th and 19th century European, contemporary art, feminist and critical theory, Jacques-Louis David Professor at Harvard University.
Lawner, LynneLynne Lawner American Renaissance Author, scholar, historian with an emphasis on iconographical themes, the meaning of art, as well as social customs.
Lebovici, ÉlisabethÉlisabeth Lebovici French b. 1953 Contemporary art, feminist art, Queer art, Louise Bourgeois, Nancy Spero, Queer theory scholar, art historian, author, writer
Lemieux, AnnetteAnnette Lemieux American b. 1957 Contemporary art Professor, artist
Levetus, Amelia SarahAmelia Sarah Levetus English, Austrian 1853–1938 Modern art Author, cultural journalist
Lewis, SamellaSamella Lewis American b. 1924 African-American art Art historian, art critic, and printmaker
Lippard, LucyLucy Lippard[18] American b. 1937 Contemporary art Art critic, curator
Lista, MarcellaMarcella Lista French 20th Century art Chief curator at the Centre Pompidou.
Mason, CatherineCatherine Mason Australian, English Computer art, digital art Art historian
Mayer Thurman, Christa C.Christa C. Mayer Thurman German, American b. 1934 Textiles Curator and chair of the textiles department at the Art Institute of Chicago[34]
Montagu, JenniferJennifer Montagu English b. 1931 Italian Baroque sculpture Art historian
Mouriki, DoulaDoula Mouriki Greek 1934–1991 Byzantinologist, Historian of Art Professor
Müller-Ebeling, ClaudiaClaudia Müller-Ebeling German b. 1956 Healing arts, shamanism Author
Mulvey, LauraLaura Mulvey English b. 1941 Feminist film theory feminist film theorist, professor at Birkbeck, University of London
Mytkowska, JoannaJoanna Mytkowska Polish b. 1970 Contemporary art Director of the Museum of Modern Art, Warsaw, curator, art critic
Natif, MikaMika Natif Israeli Islamic painting: Central Asia, Iran, India, and the Mediterranean Art historian
Nochlin, LindaLinda Nochlin[35] American 1931–2017 Feminist art history Art historian
Norton, ElizabethElizabeth Norton English Tudor period, queens of England Author, specializing in archaeology and anthropology.
Oforiatta Ayim, NanaNana Oforiatta Ayim Ghanaian Pan-African art Art historian, writer, and filmmaker.
Philip, Lotte BrandLotte Brand Philip German 1910–1986
Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, MichèleMichèle Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens French 1934–2018 Chinese objects
Polichronatou, HeleniHeleni Polichronatou Greek b. 1959 Contemporary public art, land art
Pollock, GriseldaGriselda Pollock[36] English, Canadian b. 1949
Prettejohn, ElizabethElizabeth Prettejohn American b. 1961 Victorian Art, Pre-Raphaelites Art historian, Professor, curator, author
Princenthal, NancyNancy Princenthal American b. 1955 Shirin Neshat, Doris Salcedo, Robert Mangold, Alfredo Jaar, Jackie Ferrara, Joyce Kozloff, Hannah Wilke, Agnes Martin Artist biographer, writer
Ratković Aydemir, Dragana LucijaDragana Lucija Ratković Aydemir Croatian b. 1969 Croatian museums
Raven, ArleneArlene Raven American 1944–2006 Feminist art history, Feminist art movement in the United States Art historian, art critic, and founder of the Los Angeles Woman's Building
Rebay, HillaHilla Rebay German, American 1890–1967 Modern art Co-founder and first director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, abstract artist, art collector
Renda, GünselGünsel Renda Turkish Ottoman art Professor
Robbins, TrinaTrina Robbins American 1938–2024 History of comics Artist and writer
Rose, BarbaraBarbara Rose American 1936–2020
Predefinição:Sort name English, American 1933–2021 Feminist art history Author, professor of art history at Mills College in Oakland, California, and taught at the University of California, San Diego
Rottenberg, AndaAnda Rottenberg Polish b. 1944
Ryan, Tina RiversTina Rivers Ryan American New media art, digital art, internet art, NFTs Curator at the Albright–Knox Art Gallery.
Sajet, KimKim Sajet Netherlands Museum director of the National Portrait Gallery.
Savoy, BénédicteBénédicte Savoy French b. 1972 Modern art, looted art Professor at Technische Universität Berlin
Scavenius, BenteBente Scavenius Danish b. 1944 Danish art history Independent scholar, art critic, and author
Schiltz, VéroniqueVéronique Schiltz French 1942–2019 Scythian art in the first millennium BCE and the first millennium CE Archaeologist, art historian, and literary translator.
Schopenhauer, JohannaJohanna Schopenhauer[37] German 1766–1838 Artist, author
Shabout, NadaNada Shabout[18] American b. 1962 Modern Iraqi art Art historian
Sheriff, MaryMary Sheriff American 1950–2016 eighteenth-century art Art Historian
Silverman, KajaKaja Silverman American b. 1947 Film theorist, art historian
Silvestri-Levy, AlessandraAlessandra Silvestri-Levy Brazilian Producer and writer
Sorkin, JenniJenni Sorkin American b. 1977 American craft history Author, curator, professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara
Spitzmüller, AnnaAnna Spitzmüller Austrian 1903-2001 Art historian, curator
Stafford, Barbara MariaBarbara Maria Stafford American b. 1941 Developments in imaging arts, optical sciences, and performance technologies Art historian, researcher
Starr, Nina HowellNina Howell Starr American 1903–2000 American roadside attractions, American folk art, Outsider artists Art historian, photographer, curator, art dealer[38]
Steinitz, KateKate Steinitz[39] German, American 1889–1975 Artist, art historian
Steinweg, KlaraKlara Steinweg German 1903–1972 Italian Renaissance Art historian, co-author of the book series Critical and Historical Corpus of Florentine Painting.
Stiles, KristineKristine Stiles American b. 1947 Art historian, curator
Stokes, MargaretMargaret Stokes[40] Irish 1832–1900 Antiquarian
Stokstad, MarilynMarilyn Stokstad[41] American 1929–2016 Medieval and Spanish art Art historian, professor, author
Strother, Z. S.Z. S. Strother American 20th and 21st-century Central and West African art history Professor of African Art at Columbia University
Swallow, DeborahDeborah Swallow English b. 1948 Indian art history Director of the Courtauld Institute of Art since 2004.
Swindler, Mary HamiltonMary Hamilton Swindler [42] American 1884–1967 Ancient classical painting Archeologist, professor
Temkin, AnnAnn Temkin American b. 1959 Curator American painting and sculpture
Thompson, Dorothy BurrDorothy Burr Thompson [43] American 1900–2001
Tietze-Conrat, EricaErica Tietze-Conrat[44] Austrian, American 1883–1958 Contemporary Viennese Art, Renaissance art, the Venetian school Academic lecturer
Tipping, MarjorieMarjorie Tipping[45] Australian 1917–2009 Historian
Tovar Martín, VirginiaVirginia Tovar Martín Spanish 1929–2013 Architecture and urban planning of Madrid during the Baroque period Spanish art historian, author, and professor
Toynbee, JocelynJocelyn Toynbee[46] English 1897–1985
Triki, RachidaRachida Triki Tunisian b. 1949 North African art Professor at Tunis University.
Tucker, MarciaMarcia Tucker[47] American 1940–2006
Tufts, EleanorEleanor Tufts American 1927–1991 American women artists, works by Luis Egidio Meléndez Academic lecturer, writer
Uhlyarik, GeorgianaGeorgiana Uhlyarik Romanian b. 1972 Indigenous Canadian art, women artists Fredrik S. Eaton Curator of Canadian Art at the Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO)
Valland, RoseRose Valland French 1898–1980 Commission for the Recovery of Works of Art (during WWII)
van Ysselsteyn, G. T.G. T. van Ysselsteyn Dutch 1892–1975 Dutch textile history
Vatsyayan, KapilaKapila Vatsyayan Indian 1928–2020 Indian art
Vermeule, EmilyEmily Vermeule American 1928–2001 Ancient Greek art, Mycenaean culture Classical scholar and archaeologist, professor at Harvard University.[48]
Vetulani, CecyliaCecylia Vetulani Polish 1908–1980
Wagner, AnneAnne Wagner American b. 1949 Modern and contemporary art Art historian, professor emerita
Wagner-Rieger, RenateRenate Wagner-Rieger [49] Austrian 1921–1980 Architecture, historicism Academic lecturer
Wechsler, JudithJudith Wechsler American b. 1940 19th century French art Documentary filmmaker; professor emerita
Weidler, CharlotteCharlotte Weidler German 1895–1983 German expressionism Art dealer, curator, and she held a pivotal role in bringing major works of Germany to the United States; resulting restitution claims concerning the collections of Paul Westheim and Alfred Flechtheim.
Welch, EvelynEvelyn Welch American b. 1959 Renaissance and early modern Art historian, professor
Wescher, HertaHerta Wescher German, French 1899–1971 European modern art, abstract art and collage Journalist, art critic
Wharton, EdithEdith Wharton[50] American 1862–1937 Architecture Writer
Whinney, MargaretMargaret Whinney[51] English 1897–1975 English art history Academic lecturer
Whitley, ZoéZoé Whitley American, English 1979 Contemporary art, United Kingdom's Black Art movement, African diaspora Curator, museum director
Widmaier Picasso, DianaDiana Widmaier Picasso French b. 1974 Modern art, old master drawings Curator, author, gallerist
Williams, SylviaSylvia Williams American 1936–1996 African art Curator, museum director
Willis (artist), DeborahDeborah Willis (artist) [18] American 1948 African American and Black photographers Curator, author, photographer, educator
Wilson, SarahSarah Wilson English Pierre Klossowski, Henri Matisse, Post-structuralism Professor at Courtauld Institute, author
Wilson–Bareau, JulietJuliet Wilson–Bareau English b. 1935 Francisco Goya, Édouard Manet Art historian, scholar, professor at University of Oxford.
Wischnitzer, RachelRachel Wischnitzer German 1885–1989 Jewish art Architect, professor, author, art historian
Wittkower, MargotMargot Wittkower German, American 1902–1995 Neo-Palladian Architecture, Italian Renaissance, Baroque Writer, Interior Design
Woodall, JoannaJoanna Woodall English b. 1956 Portraiture, Netherlandish Art
Woodall, MaryMary Woodall English 1901–1988 Thomas Gainsborough scholar Museum director, curator
Yates, FrancesFrances Yates[52] English 1899–1981 Renaissance
Zahorska, StefaniaStefania Zahorska Polish 1890–1961 Polish prosaist
Zaloscer, HildeHilde Zaloscer Austrian 1903–1999 Coptic Art Art historian, professor at University of Alexandria and Carleton University Ottawa.
Zinsou, Marie-CécileMarie-Cécile Zinsou French, Beninese b. 1982 Contemporary art in Africa President of Fondation Zinsou and in 2014 she found the Museum of Contemporary Art in Benin, the first museum of art in the country.
Zorach, RebeccaRebecca Zorach American b. 1969 Early modern European, contemporary Art historian, professor


Referências

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  2. ↑ Tannenbaum, Judith (1994). "East Coast- C Is for Contemporary Art Curator: Curiosity, Contradiction, Collaboration, Challenge". Art Journal. 53 (3): 47, 49, 51, 53 55, 57, 59. doi:10.2307/777431. JSTOR 777431.
  3. ↑ Clark, Roger; Ashley Folgo (2006). "Who Says There Have Been Great Women Artists? Some Afterthoughts". Art Education. 59 (2): 47–52. JSTOR 27696136.
  4. ↑ Clark, Roger; Ashley Folgo (2006). "Who Says There Have Been Great Women Artists? Some Afterthoughts". Art Education. 59 (2): 47–52. JSTOR 27696136.
  5. ↑ Harris, Ann Sutherland (1973). "Women in College Art Departments and Museums". Art Journal. 32 (4): 417–19. doi:10.2307/775692. JSTOR 775692.
  6. ↑ Grady, Denise . "Paula Hays Harper, Art Historian, Is Dead at 81". The New York Times. Consultado em 27 de agosto de 2024.
  7. ↑ Harper, Paula (1985). "The First Feminist Art Program: A View from the 1980s". Signs. 10 (4): 762–81. doi:10.1086/494182. JSTOR 3174313.
  8. ↑ Harris, Ann Sutherland (1973). "Women in College Art Departments and Museums". Art Journal. 32 (4): 417–19. doi:10.2307/775692. JSTOR 775692.
  9. ↑ Packard, Sandra (1977). "An Analysis of Current Statistics and Trends as They Influence the Status and Future for Women in the Art Academe". Studies in Art Education. 18 (2): 38–48. doi:10.2307/1319477. JSTOR 1319477.
  10. ↑ Brodsky, Judith K. (1977). "The Women's Caucus for Art". Women's Studies Newsletter. 5 (1/2): 13–15. JSTOR 40042430.
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  12. ↑ «Committee on Women in the Arts». College Art Association of America. Consultado em 30 de agosto de 2024 
  13. ↑ Bishara, Hakim (3 de junho de 2019). «Artists in 18 Major US Museums Are 85% White and 87% Male, Study Says». Hyperallergic (em inglês). Consultado em 30 de agosto de 2024 
  14. ↑ Beatty, Bob (2 de agosto de 2018). «The Deaccessioning Debate in Museums». Hyperallergic (em inglês). Consultado em 30 de agosto de 2024 
  15. ↑ Prosser, Maggie (2 de julho de 2018). «Caragol frames 'American Identity' through portraits». The Chautauquan Daily (em inglês). Consultado em 30 de agosto de 2024 
  16. ↑ «Diaspora - Art Term (Tate)». Consultado em 30 de agosto de 2024 
  17. ↑ «Maryan Ainsworth Appointed Kress-Beinecke Professor at the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts in Washington -». CODART (em inglês). 15 de agosto de 2018. Consultado em 9 de maio de 2019 
  18. ↑ a b c d e f Recinos, Eva (16 de março de 2017). «Influential Female Art Historians You Should Know». Artsy (em inglês). Consultado em 2 de março de 2021 
  19. ↑ «Amalia Amaki | The HistoryMakers». www.thehistorymakers.org (em inglês). Consultado em 30 de agosto de 2024 
  20. ↑ «Mary Berenson». Dictionary of Art Historians. Consultado em 6 de novembro de 2018. Cópia arquivada em 13 de maio de 2019 
  21. ↑ «Mary Berenson». Villa I Tatti. 2013 
  22. ↑ «Margarete Bieber». Dictionary of Art Historians. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2014 
  23. ↑ «Gertrud Bing; Gertrude Bing». Dictionary of Art Historians. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2014 
  24. ↑ «Blum, Shirley». Dictionary of Art Historians. Consultado em March 2, 2021. Cópia arquivada em March 31, 2018. the couple (Hopps), along with the artist Edward Kienholz founded the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles in 1957.  Verifique data em: |acessodata=, |arquivodata= (ajuda)
  25. ↑ «Bober, Phyllis Pray». The Dictionary of Art Historians. Consultado em 3 de março de 2021 
  26. ↑ Cotter, Holland (15 de junho de 2002). «Phyllis Bober, 81, Scholar; Specialized in Renaissance Art (Published 2002)». The New York Times (em inglês). ISSN 0362-4331. Consultado em 3 de março de 2021 
  27. ↑ «Jean Sutherland Boggs». Dictionary of Art Historians. 7 de agosto de 1966. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2014 
  28. ↑ «Dictionary of Art Historians». Dictionary of Art Historians. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2014 
  29. ↑ «Dictionary of Art Historians». Dictionary of Art Historians. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2014 
  30. ↑ «Churcher, Betty, AO AM FAHA». Humanities.org.au. 22 de fevereiro de 1999. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2014 
  31. ↑ «Rocío de la Villa, Presidenta de la Sociedad Española de Estética y Teoría de las Artes». masdearte. Información de exposiciones, museos y artistas (em espanhol). 27 de dezembro de 2013. Consultado em 12 de novembro de 2017 
  32. ↑ «Lady Dilke; Emilia Francis Strong; Emily Francis Strong; Mrs Mark Pattison». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  33. ↑ Hurwitz, Laurie (18 de dezembro de 2014). «Giacometti's Legacy». ARTnews.com (em inglês). Consultado em 23 de julho de 2021 
  34. ↑ «Case 5: Christa C. Mayer Thurman». The Art Institute of Chicago. Consultado em 4 de fevereiro de 2024 
  35. ↑ «Linda Nochlin». Dictionary of Art Historians. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2014. Cópia arquivada em 26 de janeiro de 2020 
  36. ↑ «Griselda Pollock». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  37. ↑ «Johanna Henrietta Schopenhauer». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  38. ↑ «Biographical Note from A Finding Aid to the Nina Howell Starr papers, 1933-1996». Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution (em inglês). Consultado em 9 de maio de 2020 
  39. ↑ «Kate Steinitz; Kate Traumann Steinitz». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  40. ↑ «Margaret Stokes». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  41. ↑ «Marilyn Stokstad». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  42. ↑ «Swindler, Mary Hamilton». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  43. ↑ «Dorothy Burr Thompson». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  44. ↑ «Erica Tietze-Conrat; Erika Tietze-Conrat». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  45. ↑ «Tipping, Marjorie Jean (1917 - 2009)». The Australia Women's Register. Australia Women's Archives Project. Consultado em 25 de maio de 2014 
  46. ↑ «Jocelyn Toynbee, J.M.C. Toynbee». Dictionary of Art Historians. Consultado em 6 de novembro de 2018. Cópia arquivada em 8 de junho de 2019 
  47. ↑ «Tucker, Marcia, née Silverman». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  48. ↑ Honan, William H. (23 de fevereiro de 2001). «Emily Vermeule, 72, a Scholar Of Bronze Age Archaeology». The New York Times (em inglês). ISSN 0362-4331. Consultado em 17 de dezembro de 2017 
  49. ↑ «Wagner-Rieger, Renate [née Rieger]». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  50. ↑ «Wharton, Edith [née Newbold Jones, Edith]». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  51. ↑ «Whinney, Margaret [Dickens]». Dictionary of Art Historians 
  52. ↑ «Yates, Frances [Amelia], Dame». Dictionary of Art Historians