Portal:Peru

Republic of Peru
*República del Perú* (Spanish)
Republic of Peru República del Perú (Spanish)
	Flag Coat of arms
Capital	Lima; 12°2.6′S 77°1.7′W / 12.0433°S 77.0283°W
ISO 3166 code	PE

Introduction

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered to the north by Ecuador and Colombia, to the east by Brazil, to the southeast by Bolivia, to the south by Chile, and to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country, with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west, to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country, to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km² (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.

Peruvian territory was home to several cultures during the ancient and medieval periods, and has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 10th millennium BCE Caral–Supe civilization, the earliest civilization in the Americas and considered one of the cradles of civilization. Notable succeeding cultures and civilizations include the Nazca culture, the Moche, Wari and Tiwanaku empires, the Kingdom of Cusco, and the Inca Empire, the largest known state in the pre-Columbian Americas. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and Charles V established a viceroyalty with the official name of the Kingdom of Peru that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in Lima. Higher education started in the Americas with the official establishment of the National University of San Marcos in Lima in 1551.

Peru's population includes Mestizos, Amerindians, Europeans, Africans, and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechuan languages, Aymara, or other Indigenous languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music. Peru has recently gained international recognition for its vibrant gastronomy, blending Indigenous, Spanish, African, and Asian influences. Lima is now considered a global culinary capital, home to award-winning restaurants like Central and Maido. (Full article...)

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Tutupaca viewed from a southern direction.

Tutupaca is a volcano in the region of Tacna in Peru. It is part of the Peruvian segment of the Central Volcanic Zone, one of several volcanic belts in the Andes. Tutupaca consists of three overlapping volcanoes formed by lava flows and lava domes made out of andesite and dacite, which grew on top of older volcanic rocks. The highest of these is usually reported to be 5,815 metres (19,078 ft) tall and was glaciated in the past.

Several volcanoes in Peru have been active in recent times, including Tutupaca. Their volcanism is caused by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. One of these volcanoes collapsed in historical time, probably in 1802, generating a large debris avalanche with a volume likely exceeding 0.6–0.8 cubic kilometres (0.14–0.19 cu mi) and a pyroclastic flow. The associated eruption was among the largest in Peru for which there are historical records. The volcano became active about 700,000 years ago, and activity continued into the Holocene, but whether there were historical eruptions was initially unclear; some eruptions were instead attributed to the less eroded Yucamane volcano. The Peruvian government plans to monitor the volcano for future activity. Tutupaca features geothermal manifestations with fumaroles and hot springs. (Full article...)

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The Independence of Peru was proclaimed in Lima by José de San Martín on July 28, 1821. San Martín occupied the city a few days before after Royalist troops retreated towards the Andes. Despite this proclamation the Peruvian War of Independence lasted three more years as Patriot forces lacked the necessary strength to defeat Viceroy José de la Serna. Eventually San Martín left the country and was replaced by Simón Bolívar, under whose guidance the Royalist army was decisively defeated at the Battle of Ayacucho. (more...)

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The Colombia-Peru War (September 1, 1932 - May 24, 1933) was an armed conflict between the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Peru. The War was the result of dissatisfaction with the Salomón-Lozano Treaty and the imposition of heavy tariffs on sugar and started with an internal insurrection in Peru, a civilian takeover of the city Iquitos. On the first of september President Luis Miguel Sánchez dispatched two regiments of the Peruvian Army to Leticia and Tarapacá, both Peruvian settlementes in the Amazonas Region in present day southern Colombia. (more...)

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In this month

March 16, 1892 - César Vallejo, the most important Peruvian poet, is born in Santiago de Chuco.

March 19, 1742 - José Gabriel Túpac Amaru Túpac Amaru II, leader of an indigenous uprising in 1780 against the Spanish in Peru, is born.

March 28, 1936 - Writer, politician, journalist and essayist Mario Vargas Llosa representing the Latin American Boom is born.

March 31, 1950 - The National Flag is adopted in its present form by removing the Coat of Arms from the center of the flag.

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General images

The following are images from various Peru-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)
Image 2Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
  Peru-Bolivia
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army
  First Provisional Government of Peru
  Northern Peruvian Republic
  Second Provisional Government of Peru
  Provisional Government of Bolivia
  New Peruvian State
  New Bolivian State
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
  De facto borders after the dissolution
  Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
  Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 3Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 4Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)
Image 5Chinatown in Lima (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 6Peruvian girls (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 7Life expectancy in Peru since 1960 by gender (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 8Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 9Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 10Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 11Life expectancy in Peru since 1940 (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 12Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 13Population map of Peru in 2007 (regional) (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 14Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
  Peru-Bolivia
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army
  First Provisional Government of Peru
  Northern Peruvian Republic
  Second Provisional Government of Peru
  Provisional Government of Bolivia
  New Peruvian State
  New Bolivian State
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
  De facto borders after the dissolution
  Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
  Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 15The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)
Image 16Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)
Image 17Peru's football team in 1970; the ethnic diversity of Peruvians is visible, with players showing African, Amerindian and European ancestry in various mixes. (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 18Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 19The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)
Image 20The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)
Image 21Historical population of Peru (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 22Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 23Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)
Image 241882-83 Sierra Campaign (from History of Peru)
Image 25Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 26Peruvian Paso (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 27Amerindian woman with child (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 28Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 29Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 301882-83 Sierra Campaign (from History of Peru)
Image 31The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)

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The electricity sector in Peru has experienced large improvements in the past 15 years. Access to electricity has increased from 45% in 1990 to 96.4% in 2018, while service quality and efficiency of service provision improved. These improvements were made possible through privatizations following reforms initiated in 1992. At the same time, electricity tariffs have remained in line with the average for Latin America.

However, several challenges remain. Chief among them are the still very low level of access in rural areas and the untapped potential of some renewable energies, in particular wind and solar energy, due to an inadequate regulatory framework. (Full article...)

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... that the Balconcillo mutiny is considered to be the first coup d'état in the history of Peru?
... that dominant males of Perugia's limia may be so preoccupied with fighting each other that the females end up mating with the subordinate males?
... that Peru's fishing industry is the world's largest producer of fishmeal and fish oil?
... that some prisoners in Peru get tattoos of Sarita Colonia for alleged protection?
... that the Shining Path used squatting as a tactic to gain support during the internal conflict in Peru?
... that Marcelino Gutiérrez was the only one of his brothers, who together led a rebellion against the president of Peru, to survive a subsequent riot?
... that a bust of former Peruvian president Justiniano Borgoño was stolen from its pedestal by thieves?
... that sisters Talia and Tori DellaPeruta, college teammates at North Carolina, play soccer professionally for Sampdoria?

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“

Do the rhetorical quarrels of bourgeois political parties have anything to do with the interests of the humble and downtrodden.

”

Peruvian writer, politician, journalist, and essayist Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa in The War of the End of the World

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Basic facts & figures

National Symbol	Capital	Currency	Time zone	National Anthem	Language	Population census

Symbols of Peru	City of Lima	Sol		Somos libres	Spanish	33,726,000

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More did you know...

...that the city of Lima (pictured) flourished in the 17th century as the center of a trade network which extended as far as Europe and the Philippines?
...that Alejandro Toledo led the opposition against president Alberto Fujimori and was elected as president in the 2001 general election?
...that the Peru national football team withdrew from the 1936 Berlin Olympics after its victory over Austria was annulled?
...that in the Quechua language, sentences are marked by an evidential suffix which indicates how certain the speaker is about his statement?
...that soprano Yma Sumac became an international success based on the merits of her extreme vocal range?

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This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged (e.g. {{WikiProject Peru}}) or categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See WP:RECOG for configuration options.

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