GADD45A

GADD45A
Dostupne strukture PDB Pretraga ortologa: PDBe RCSB Spisak PDB ID kodova 2KG4
Identifikatori
Aliasi	GADD45A
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 126335 MGI: 107799 HomoloGene: 1449 GeneCards: GADD45A
Lokacija gena (čovjek) Hrom. Hromosom 1 (čovjek)[1] Bend 1p31.3 Početak 67,685,201 bp[1] Kraj 67,688,334 bp[1]
Lokacija gena (miš) Hrom. Hromosom 6 (miš)[2] Bend 6|6 C1 Početak 67,012,080 bp[2] Kraj 67,014,441 bp[2]
Obrazac RNK ekspresije Više referentnih podataka o ekspresiji
Ontologija gena Molekularna funkcija • GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine • kinase binding • protein homodimerization activity • protein heterodimerization activity • protein N-terminus binding • RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding Ćelijska komponenta • citoplazma • jedro • nukleoplazma • nuclear speck Biološki proces • GO:0097285 apoptoza • centrosome cycle • regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity • negative regulation of protein kinase activity • signal transduction in response to DNA damage • response to stress • positive regulation of JNK cascade • regulation of cell cycle • cellular response to DNA damage stimulus • cellular response to mechanical stimulus • positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process • positive regulation of apoptotic process • cellular response to ionizing radiation • ćelijski ciklus • GO:0100026 Popravka DNK • positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade • DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
Vrste	Čovjek	Miš
Entrez	1647	13197
Ensembl	ENSG00000116717	ENSMUSG00000036390
UniProt	P24522	P48316
RefSeq (mRNK)	NM_001924 NM_001199741 NM_001199742	NM_007836
RefSeq (bjelančevina)	NP_001186670 NP_001186671 NP_001915	NP_031862
Lokacija (UCSC)	Chr 1: 67.69 – 67.69 Mb	Chr 6: 67.01 – 67.01 Mb
PubMed pretraga	[3]	[4]
Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek Pogledaj/uredi – miš

Protein zaustavljanja rasta GADD45 alfa i uzročnik oštećenja DNK jest protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom GADD45A sa hromosoma 1.^[5][6][7]

Amiokiselininska sekvenca

Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 165 aminokiselina, a molekulska težina 18.336 Da.^[8]

• C: Cistein
• D: Asparaginska kiselina
• E: Glutaminska kiselina
• F: Fenilalanin
• G: Glicin
• H: Histidin
• I: Izoleucin
• K: Lizin
• L: Leucin
• M: Metionin
• N: Asparagin
• P: Prolin
• Q: Glutamin
• R: Arginin
• S: Serin
• T: Treonin
• V: Valin
• W: Triptofan
• Y: Tirozin

10		20		30		40		50
MTLEEFSAGE		QKTERMDKVG		DALEEVLSKA		LSQRTITVGV		YEAAKLLNVD
PDNVVLCLLA		ADEDDDRDVA		LQIHFTLIQA		FCCENDINIL		RVSNPGRLAE
LLLLETDAGP		AASEGAEQPP		DLHCVLVTNP		HSSQWKDPAL		SQLICFCRES
RYMDQWVPVI		NLPER

Funkcija

Ovaj gen je član grupe gena, GADD45 , čiji se nivoi transkripta povećavaju nakon stresnih uslova zaustavljanja rasta i tretmana agensima koji oštećuju DNK (mutageni). Transkripcija ovog gena izazvana oštećenjem DNK je posredovana i p53-ovisnim i p53-neovisnim mehanizmima. Protein kodiran ovim genom odgovara na stresove okoline, posredovanjem aktivacije p38/JNK puta putem MTK1/MEKK4 kinaze.^[7]

Aplikacije

Činjenica da je ekspresija ovog gena pokazatelj oštećenja DNK iskorištena je za konstruiranje in vitro testa za mutagenost, GADD45a-GFP GreenScreen HC testa.^[9] Ovaj test se sastoji od ćelijske linije koja je konstruirana tako da ekspresija GADD45A dovodi do ekspresije zelenog fluorescentnog proteina, koji se lahko može detektovati. Da bi se ispitala mutagenost supstance, ona se nanosi na ove ćelije i meri se fluorescencija.

Interactions

Pokazalo se da GADD45A u interakciji sa:

• AURKA,^[10]
• Cdk1,^{[11][12][13][14]}
• CCNB1,^[11][14]
• GADD45GIP1^[15]
• MAP3K4,^[16]
• P21,^[13][17] i
• PCNA.^{[13][18][19][20][21]}

Također pogledajte

• Gadd45

Reference

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000116717 - Ensembl, maj 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000036390 - Ensembl, maj 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Papathanasiou MA, Kerr NC, Robbins JH, McBride OW, Alamo I Jr, Barrett SF, Hickson ID, Fornace AJ Jr (mart 1991). "Induction by ionizing radiation of the gadd45 gene in cultured human cells: lack of mediation by protein kinase C". Mol Cell Biol. 11 (2): 1009–16. doi:10.1128/MCB.11.2.1009. PMC 359769. PMID 1990262.
6. Hollander MC, Alamo I, Jackman J, Wang MG, McBride OW, Fornace AJ Jr (decembar 1993). "Analysis of the mammalian gadd45 gene and its response to DNA damage". J Biol Chem. 268 (32): 24385–93. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(20)80537-7. PMID 8226988.
7. "Entrez Gene: GADD45A growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha".
8. "UniProt, P24522" (jezik: eng.). Pristupljeno 27. 11. 2021.
9. Walmsley RM, Tate M (2012). "The GADD45a-GFP GreenScreen HC assay". Genetic Toxicology. Methods in Molecular Biology. 817. str. 231–50. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-421-6_12. ISBN 978-1-61779-420-9. PMID 22147576.
10. Sánchez R, Pantoja-Uceda D, Prieto J, Diercks T, Marcaida MJ, Montoya G, Campos-Olivas R, Blanco FJ (juli 2010). "Solution structure of human growth arrest and DNA damage 45alpha (Gadd45alpha) and its interactions with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Aurora A kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 285 (29): 22196–201. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.069344. PMC 2903397. PMID 20460379.
11. Zhan Q, Antinore MJ, Wang XW, Carrier F, Smith ML, Harris CC, Fornace AJ (maj 1999). "Association with Cdc2 and inhibition of Cdc2/Cyclin B1 kinase activity by the p53-regulated protein Gadd45". Oncogene. 18 (18): 2892–900. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202667. PMID 10362260.
12. Jin S, Antinore MJ, Lung FD, Dong X, Zhao H, Fan F, Colchagie AB, Blanck P, Roller PP, Fornace AJ, Zhan Q (juni 2000). "The GADD45 inhibition of Cdc2 kinase correlates with GADD45-mediated growth suppression". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16602–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000284200. PMID 10747892.
13. Yang Q, Manicone A, Coursen JD, Linke SP, Nagashima M, Forgues M, Wang XW (novembar 2000). "Identification of a functional domain in a GADD45-mediated G2/M checkpoint". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (47): 36892–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005319200. PMID 10973963.
14. Vairapandi M, Balliet AG, Hoffman B, Liebermann DA (septembar 2002). "GADD45b and GADD45g are cdc2/cyclinB1 kinase inhibitors with a role in S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints induced by genotoxic stress". J. Cell. Physiol. 192 (3): 327–38. doi:10.1002/jcp.10140. PMID 12124778. S2CID 19138273.
15. Chung HK, Yi YW, Jung NC, Kim D, Suh JM, Kim H, Park KC, Song JH, Kim DW, Hwang ES, Yoon SH, Bae YS, Kim JM, Bae I, Shong M (juli 2003). "CR6-interacting factor 1 interacts with Gadd45 family proteins and modulates the cell cycle". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (30): 28079–88. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212835200. PMID 12716909.
16. Takekawa M, Saito H (novembar 1998). "A family of stress-inducible GADD45-like proteins mediate activation of the stress-responsive MTK1/MEKK4 MAPKKK". Cell. 95 (4): 521–30. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81619-0. PMID 9827804. S2CID 18980341.
17. Zhao H, Jin S, Antinore MJ, Lung FD, Fan F, Blanck P, Roller P, Fornace AJ, Zhan Q (juli 2000). "The central region of Gadd45 is required for its interaction with p21/WAF1". Exp. Cell Res. 258 (1): 92–100. doi:10.1006/excr.2000.4906. PMID 10912791.
18. Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen CY, Gilmer TM, Kastan MB, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ (novembar 1994). "Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen". Science. 266 (5189): 1376–80. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1376S. doi:10.1126/science.7973727. PMID 7973727.
19. Chen IT, Smith ML, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ (novembar 1995). "Direct interaction of Gadd45 with PCNA and evidence for competitive interaction of Gadd45 and p21Waf1/Cip1 with PCNA". Oncogene. 11 (10): 1931–7. PMID 7478510.
20. Vairapandi M, Azam N, Balliet AG, Hoffman B, Liebermann DA (juni 2000). "Characterization of MyD118, Gadd45, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) interacting domains. PCNA impedes MyD118 AND Gadd45-mediated negative growth control". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16810–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.22.16810. PMID 10828065.
21. Hall PA, Kearsey JM, Coates PJ, Norman DG, Warbrick E, Cox LS (juni 1995). "Characterisation of the interaction between PCNA and Gadd45". Oncogene. 10 (12): 2427–33. PMID 7784094.

Dopunska literatura

• Hildesheim J, Fornace AJ (2003). "Gadd45a: an elusive yet attractive candidate gene in pancreatic cancer". Clin. Cancer Res. 8 (8): 2475–9. PMID 12171872.
• Chen IT, Smith ML, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ (1995). "Direct interaction of Gadd45 with PCNA and evidence for competitive interaction of Gadd45 and p21Waf1/Cip1 with PCNA". Oncogene. 11 (10): 1931–7. PMID 7478510.
• Kearsey JM, Coates PJ, Prescott AR, et al. (1995). "Gadd45 is a nuclear cell cycle regulated protein which interacts with p21Cip1". Oncogene. 11 (9): 1675–83. PMID 7478594.
• Hall PA, Kearsey JM, Coates PJ, et al. (1995). "Characterisation of the interaction between PCNA and Gadd45". Oncogene. 10 (12): 2427–33. PMID 7784094.
• Carrier F, Smith ML, Bae I, et al. (1995). "Characterization of human Gadd45, a p53-regulated protein". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (51): 32672–7. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)31687-9. PMID 7798274.
• Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, et al. (1994). "Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen". Science. 266 (5189): 1376–80. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1376S. doi:10.1126/science.7973727. PMID 7973727.
• Warbrick E, Lane DP, Glover DM, Cox LS (1997). "Homologous regions of Fen1 and p21Cip1 compete for binding to the same site on PCNA: a potential mechanism to co-ordinate DNA replication and repair". Oncogene. 14 (19): 2313–21. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201072. PMID 9178907.
• Warbrick E, Heatherington W, Lane DP, Glover DM (1998). "PCNA binding proteins in Drosophila melanogaster : the analysis of a conserved PCNA binding domain". Nucleic Acids Res. 26 (17): 3925–32. doi:10.1093/nar/26.17.3925. PMC 147798. PMID 9705499.
• Takekawa M, Saito H (1998). "A family of stress-inducible GADD45-like proteins mediate activation of the stress-responsive MTK1/MEKK4 MAPKKK". Cell. 95 (4): 521–30. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81619-0. PMID 9827804. S2CID 18980341.
• Carrier F, Georgel PT, Pourquier P, et al. (1999). "Gadd45, a p53-responsive stress protein, modifies DNA accessibility on damaged chromatin". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (3): 1673–85. doi:10.1128/MCB.19.3.1673. PMC 83961. PMID 10022855.
• Zhan Q, Antinore MJ, Wang XW, et al. (1999). "Association with Cdc2 and inhibition of Cdc2/Cyclin B1 kinase activity by the p53-regulated protein Gadd45". Oncogene. 18 (18): 2892–900. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202667. PMID 10362260.
• Jin S, Antinore MJ, Lung FD, et al. (2000). "The GADD45 inhibition of Cdc2 kinase correlates with GADD45-mediated growth suppression". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16602–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000284200. PMID 10747892.
• Vairapandi M, Azam N, Balliet AG, et al. (2000). "Characterization of MyD118, Gadd45, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) interacting domains. PCNA impedes MyD118 AND Gadd45-mediated negative growth control". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16810–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.22.16810. PMID 10828065.
• Yi YW, Kim D, Jung N, et al. (2000). "Gadd45 family proteins are coactivators of nuclear hormone receptors". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 272 (1): 193–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2760. PMID 10872826.
• Zhao H, Jin S, Antinore MJ, et al. (2000). "The central region of Gadd45 is required for its interaction with p21/WAF1". Exp. Cell Res. 258 (1): 92–100. doi:10.1006/excr.2000.4906. PMID 10912791.
• Yang Q, Manicone A, Coursen JD, et al. (2001). "Identification of a functional domain in a GADD45-mediated G2/M checkpoint". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (47): 36892–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005319200. PMID 10973963.
• Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
• Kovalsky O, Lung FD, Roller PP, Fornace AJ (2001). "Oligomerization of human Gadd45a protein". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (42): 39330–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105115200. PMID 11498536.

Vanjski linkovi