Stigantus
Stigantus (Anglosaxonice Stigand, Stigant; mortuus ut videtur 21 aut 22 Februarii 1072) fuit divitissimus ecclesiasticus Anglosaxonicus in Anglia ante Victoriam Normannicam, qui Archiepiscopus Cantuariensis creatus est.
Die natalis ignotus est, sed ante 1020 munera magistri sacelli et consultoris regalis sustinebat. Episcopus Elmhamiae (Nordovici) anno 1043, deinde Episcopus Wintoniensis (Ventae Belgarum), et anno 1052 Archiepiscopus Cantuariensis creatus est. Consiliarius fuit nonnullis hominibus domuum regalium Anglosaxonicae et Normannicae Anglicae, sex reges continuos servans. A nonnullis autem papis excommunicatus propter pluralismum ad binas sedes (Vintoniam et Cantuariam) eodem temporis attingentem, officio ad ultimum die 11 Aprilis 1070 motus est, suis possessionibus divitiisque a Gulielmo Conquaestore publicatis. In carcerem Wintoniae coniectus est, ubi obiit libertate non recuperata. Reliquiae in Monasterio Vetere[1] apud Westmonasterium sepultae sunt.
Stigantus Regi Cnutoni Magno cappellanus in re fundata regali Ashingdoniae anno 1020, et tum consiliarius fuit. Munus consiliarii Haroldo I et Hardecnuto sustinebat, filiis Cnutonis regnantibus. Cum etiam Eduardus Confessor, privignus Cnutonis, Hardecnuto succederet, Stigantus ut videtur antistes et principalis administrator Anglicus factus est. Scriptores monastici eiusdem temporis Stigantum pecuniae et terrarum ex ecclesia expressarum accusabant, atque adeo ante 1066 sola praedia praediis Stiganti pretiosoria fuerunt praedia regalia et praedia regis Haroldi II.
Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]Bibliographia
[recensere | fontem recensere]- Barlow, Frank. 1970. Edward the Confessor. Berkelaiae: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01671-8.
- Barlow, Frank. 1979. The English Church 1000–1066: A History of the Later Anglo-Saxon Church. Ed. 2a. Novi Eboraci: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49049-9.
- Barlow, Frank. 1979. The English Church 1066–1154: A History of the Anglo-Norman Church. Novi Eboraci: Longman. ISBN 0-582-50236-5.
- Barlow, Frank. 1988. The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216. Ed. 4a. Novi Eboraci: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49504-0.
- Barlow, Frank. 2003. The Godwins: The Rise and Fall of a Noble Dynasty. Londinii: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-78440-9.
- Bates, David. 2001. William the Conqueror. Stroud Britanniarum Regni: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-1980-3.
- Blair, Peter Hunter. 2003. An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England. Ed. 3a. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-53777-0.
- Blumenthal, Uta-Renate. 1988. The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century. Philadelphiae: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1386-6.
- Brooks, Nicholas. 1984. The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066. Londinii: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-0041-5.
- Chibnall, Marjorie. 1986. Anglo-Norman England 1066–1166. Oxoniae: Basil Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-15439-6.
- Coredon, Christopher. 2007. A Dictionary of Medieval Terms & Phrases. Woodbridge Britanniarum Regni: D. S. Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84384-138-8.
- Cowdrey, H. E. J. 2004. Stigand (d. 1072). In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26523.
- Darlington, R. R. 1936. Ecclesiastical Reform in the Late Old English Period. The English Historical Review 51(203):385–428. JSTOR 553127. doi:10.1093/ehr/LI.CCIII.385.
- Dodwell, C. R. 1982. Anglo-Saxon Art, A New Perspective. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-0926-X.
- Douglas, David C. 1964. William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. Berkeleiae: University of California Press.
- Fryde, E. B., D. E. Greenway, S. Porter, et I Roy. 1996. Handbook of British Chronology. Ed. 3a. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
- Garnett, George. 1986. Coronation and Propaganda: Some Implications of the Norman Claim to the Throne of England in 1066. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Fifth Series, 36:91–116. doi:10.2307/3679061. JSTOR 3679061.
- Greenway, Diana E. 1971. Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces): Canterbury: Archbishops. Institute for Historical Research.
- Higham, Nick. 2000. The Death of Anglo-Saxon England. Stroud Britanniarum Regni: Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-2469-1.
- Hill, Paul. 2005. The Road to Hastings: The Politics of Power in Anglo-Saxon England. Stroud Britanniarum Regnum: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-3308-3.
- Huscroft, Richard. 2005. Ruling England 1042–1217. Londinii: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-84882-2.
- John, Eric. 1996. Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England. Mancuniae: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-5053-7.
- Knowles, David. 1976. The Monastic Order in England: A History of its Development from the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940–1216. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05479-6.
- Lawson, M. K. 2000. Cnut: England's Viking King. Stroud Britanniarum Regni: Tempus Publishing, Limited. ISBN 0-7524-2964-7.
- Loyn, H. R. 2000. The English Church, 940–1154. Upper Saddle River Novae Caesateae: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-30303-6.
- Mason, Emma 2004. House of Godwine: The History of Dynasty. Londinii: Hambledon & London. ISBN 1-85285-389-1.
- Owen-Crocker, Gale R. 2012. Image Making: Portraits of Anglo-Saxon Church Leaders. In Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon Church: From Bede to Stigand, ed. Alexander R. Rumble, 109–127. Woodbridge Britanniarum Regni: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-700-8.
- Powell, J. Enoch, et Keith Wallis. 1968. The House of Lords in the Middle Ages: A History of the English House of Lords to 1540. Londinii: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
- Rex, Peter. 2005. Harold II: The Doomed Saxon King. Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7394-7185-2.
- Rumble, Alexander R. 2012. From Winchester to Canterbury: Ælheah and Stigand–Bishops, Archbishops and Victims. In Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon Church: From Bede to Stigand, ed. Alexander R. Rumble, 165–182. Woodbridge Britanniarum Regni: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-700-8.
- Smith, Mary Frances. 1993. Archbishop Stigand and the Eye of the Needle. Anglo-Norman Studies, 16, 199–219. Woodbridge Britanniarum Regni: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-366-6.
- Smith, Mary Frances, Robin Fleming, et Patricia Halpin. 2001. Court and Piety in Late Anglo-Saxon England. The Catholic Historical Review 87(4):569–602. doi:10.1353/cat.2001.0189. JSTOR 25026026.
- Stafford, Pauline. 1989. Unification and Conquest: A Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries. Londinii: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0-7131-6532-4.
- Stafford, Pauline. 1997. Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women's Power in Eleventh-Century England. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-22738-5.
- Stenton, F. M. 1971. Anglo-Saxon England. Ed. 3a. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
- Thomas, Hugh. 2007. The Norman Conquest: England after William the Conqueror. Critical Issues in History. Lanhamiae Terrae Mariae: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-7425-3840-0.
- Walker, Ian. 2000. Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King. Gloucestershire: Wrens Park. ISBN 0-905778-46-4.
- Williams, Ann. 2000. The English and the Norman Conquest. Woodbridge Britanniarum Regni: Boydell Press ISBN 0-85115-708-4.
- Barlow, Frank. 1958. Two Notes: Cnut's Second Pilgrimage and Queen Emma's Disgrace in 1043. The English Historical Review 73(289):649–656. doi:10.1093/ehr/LXXIII.289.649. JSTOR 557268.
- John, Eric. 1979. Edward the Confessor and the Norman Succession. The English Historical Review 96(371):241–267. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCIV.CCCLXXI.241. JSTOR 566846.
Archiepiscopi Cantuarienses
