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Warbat
Şöbiyet with Turkish baklava
Alternative namesShaabiyat[1]
TypePastry
CourseDessert
Region or stateLevant
Associated cuisineLevantine cuisine
Serving temperatureHot or room temperature
Main ingredientsFilo, custard or qishta, sugar syrup, ghee or butter
VariationsFilled with nuts or cream; sometimes topped with pistachios and petals
Other informationPopular during Ramadan
  •   Media: Warbat

Warbat (Arabic: وربات), also known as shaabiyat (Arabic: شعيبيات,[2] شعبيات[3]) and Şöbiyet,[4] is a Levantine sweet pastry similar to baklava.[1]

Warbat consists of layers of phyllo dough filled with a semolina based custard,[5][6] though it is sometimes also filled with pistachios, walnuts, almonds,[7] or sweet cheese.[8] The dessert is topped with a sweet syrup made from sugar, water, and lemon juice brought to a boil and then left to cool and thicken.[9][10]

When served with cream or qishta it is called warbat bi-qishteh or warbat be gishta. Warbat is often served during Ramadan.[11][12]

In Jordan, warbat and knafeh are often the most sold desserts for celebrations, such as tawjihi exam results.[13][14]

History

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The Turkish Patent and Trademark Office states that Şöbiyet have been a part of the cuisine of Gaziantep "since ancient times".[15] According to historian Nawal Nasrallah, kaymak-filled baklava are mentioned in the 19th-century works by Ottoman author Turabi Efendi.[16]

Shʻaybiyyāt (شعيبيات) are mentioned as a breakfast food in Arabic Aleppan texts from 1840-1875.[17][18] Late 19th-century proceedings by the International Congress of Orientalists described shaʻbīyah (شعبية) as a triangular cake filled with cream and pistachios.[19] The 1885 Lebanese Arabic cookbook Ustadh al-Tabbakhin provided a recipe for shuʿaybāt (شعيبات) which called for filling square pieces of dough with baklava filling, baking them in a samneh-coated tray, then soaking them in qatir.[20]

Shaabiyat were popularized in Germany by refugees of the Syrian civil war.[21][22]

Variations

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"Lady's cheeks" (Arabic: خدود الست, called so because of its shape) is a version of warbat made from 2 circular layers of phyllo pastry around a layer of cream.[23][24][25] This variation is popular in Nablus city.[23]

Turkish Şöbiyet (Antep Şöbiyeti) received official registration and geographical indication status from the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office on 6 April 2022 for the Gaziantep region.[15] The patent specifies that they are made with 12 layers of phyllo pastry, a kaymak filling, and topped with syrup and pistachios.[15] Şöbiyet are popular during Eid al-Fitr in Turkey.[26]

Syrian shaabiyat are made into a variety of shapes besides triangles with different fillings.[2][27][28]

Etymology

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Look up شعبيات, Şöbiyet, or شبع in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

According to one account, the dessert is attributed to a confectioner named Shuʿayb (شعيب), whose identity is otherwise unknown. Another explanation holds that the dessert was originally made in a large size sufficient to satisfy a person on its own, leading it to be called الشبعيّة (al-shabʿiyya), derived from the Arabic root ش ب ع (sh-b-ʿ), meaning “to be full or satiated”; the name was later phonologically altered to الشعيبيّة (al-shuʿaybiyya), with the plural form الشعيبيّات (al-shuʿaybiyyāt). [18][29]

According to the Etymological Dictionary of Contemporary Turkish by Sevan Nişanyan, the word Şöbiyet is derived from the Arabic word (shabʿiyyat).[29]

The name warbat is derived from the warbats triangular shape, the word warbat (وربات) means "corners" in Arabic.[30][31][18]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "4 Muslim food creators share their go-to Eid dessert recipes". CBC. 27 Jun 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  2. ^ a b c "الحلويات تزيّن أجواء اليوم الأول من رمضان شمال حلب" [Sweets decorate the atmosphere of the first day of Ramadan in northern Aleppo.]. Enab Baladi (in Arabic). 27 May 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2025.
  3. ^ "في سوريا.. لكل مدينة حلواها" [In Syria, every city has its own sweets.]. Asharq Al-Awsat (in Arabic). Retrieved 28 October 2025.
  4. ^ "Şöbiyet Dessert". turkishwonders.com. Retrieved 23 July 2013. [dead link]
  5. ^ Faye, Yakir Levy \ (2012-07-26). "An 'iftar' feast - FoodIndex - Jerusalem Post". Jpost.com. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  6. ^ Madison Magazine. Consumer Publications, Limited. 1999.
  7. ^ "The Sweets Story: When Syrians Come to Cairo". Huffingtonpost.com. 28 July 2014. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  8. ^ JOYCE SMITHThe Kansas City Star (2014-11-04). "Sultan's Bakery opens on 39th Street | The Kansas City Star". Kansascity.com. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  9. ^ Warbat
  10. ^ "5 unmissable foods that unlock Jordan's culinary scene". National Geographic Travel. 23 September 2025. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  11. ^ Christa Salamandra (10 December 2004). A New Old Damascus: Authenticity and Distinction in Urban Syria. Indiana University Press. pp. 97–. ISBN 0-253-11041-6.
  12. ^ Tamimi, Sami; Lewis, Tim; Wigley, Tara; Lewis, interview by Tim (15 March 2020). "'A love letter home' – recipes and stories of the Palestinian table". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 June 2025.
  13. ^ "فرحة الأردنيين في التوجيهي .. الكنافة والوربات لفئات الشعب إلا البقلاوة" [The joy of Jordanians in the Tawjihi (high school graduation exam) results... Kunafa and Warbat for all segments of society, except for Baklava.]. Roya TV (in Arabic). 11 Aug 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  14. ^ "صحيفة عمون : مبيعات قياسية .. نتائج التوجيهي تنعش سوق الحلويات" [Record Sales... Tawjihi Results Boost the Sweets Market]. Ammon News (in Arabic). 11 Aug 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  15. ^ a b c "Gaziantep Şöbiyeti / Antep Şöbiyeti". Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (in Turkish). Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  16. ^ Nasrallah, Nawal (2019). Delights from the Garden of Eden: A Cookbook and History of the Iraqi Cuisine. Equinox Publishing Limited. pp. 428–434. ISBN 978-1-78179-883-6. Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  17. ^ وثائق تاريخية عن حلب /: akhbār al-Siryān wa-mā ilayhim akhdan ʻan yawmīyat Naʻʻūm al-Bakhkhāsh wa-ghayrahā min al-makhṭūṭāt 1840-1875 [Historical Documents On Aleppo] (in Arabic). Catholic Press. 1958. pp. 62, 77, 112. Retrieved 20 December 2025.
  18. ^ a b c Khayr al-Din al-Asadi (1981). موسوعة حلب المقارنة [Comparative Encyclopedia of Aleppo] (in Arabic). p. 1688-1690. Retrieved 20 December 2025.
  19. ^ Actes du huitième congrès international des orientalistes tenu en 1889 à Stockholm et à Christiania (in German). Brill. 1891. pp. 399–400. Retrieved 21 December 2025.
  20. ^ Khalil Khattar Sarkis [in Arabic] (1885). كتاب تذكرة الخواتين واستاذ الطباخين (in Arabic). المطبعة الادبية. Retrieved 25 December 2025.
  21. ^ "أبناء إدلب يصنعون حلوى الشعيبيات ببرلين" [Idlib residents make Sha'ibiyat sweets in Berlin]. Al-Jazeera (in Arabic). 23 May 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2025.
  22. ^ "التفاصيل السورية تدخل إلى الحياة الألمانية.. وحلوى الشعيبيات نموذجاً" [Syrian details are entering German life... and the Sha'ibiyat dessert is an example.]. Orient News (in Arabic). 24 Oct 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2025.
  23. ^ a b "بالفيديو- مدينة نابلس الفلسطينية أم الحلويات الرمضانية.. مهنة الآباء والأجداد" [Video: Nablus, the Palestinian city known for its Ramadan sweets... a profession passed down through generations.]. Al-Jazeera (in Arabic). 18 Apr 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2025.
  24. ^ "Palestinian lady cheeks". Delicious Magazine. 5 Mar 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2025.
  25. ^ "من هي زينب التي نأكل أصابعها؟!" [Who is Zainab whose fingers we eat?!]. النجاح الإخباري (in Arabic). 15 June 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2025.
  26. ^ "Ramazan Bayramı'nda yeni trend 'diyet baklava'" [The new trend for Ramadan Feast is 'diet baklava']. Anadolu Agency (in Turkish). 3 Jun 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  27. ^ "حلويات شعبية مازالت شائعة في أريحا بإدلب لتوفر خبرات محلية" [Traditional sweets that are still popular in Ariha, Idlib, due to the availability of local expertise.]. North press agency (in Arabic). 8 January 2022.
  28. ^ "الشعيبيات.. حلوى مقدسية سورية الأصل" [Sha'abiyat... a Jerusalemite sweet of Syrian origin]. فلسطين أون لاين (in Arabic). 26 April 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  29. ^ a b "şöbiyet". Nişanyan Sözlük (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  30. ^ "ترجمة و معنى وربات بالإنجليزي". Almaany. Retrieved 20 December 2025.
  31. ^ "ترجمة و معنى وربة بالإنجليزي". www.almaany.com. Retrieved 20 December 2025.