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Bear claw

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For other uses, see Bear claw (disambiguation).

Bear claw
TypePastry, doughnut or fritter
Place of originUnited States
Main ingredientsDough, almond paste
Ingredients generally usedRaisins
  •  Wikimedia Commons logo Media: Bear claw

A bear claw is a sweet pastry originating in the United States during the mid-1910s.[1][2][3] The name bear claw as used for a pastry is first attested in a 1914 newspaper ad for the Geibel German Bakery in Sacramento, California.

In Denmark, a bear claw is referred to as a kam[4] and in Germany as Kamm. France also has an alternate version of that pastry: patte d'ours (meaning bear paw), created in 1982 in the Alps.

Origin and usage of term

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The name bear claw as used for a pastry is first attested on March 13, 1914, in a newspaper ad for the Geibel German Bakery[1][5] in Sacramento, California.[6] According to the Sacramento Bee, no "prior reference to bear claws has been made public". Sacramento historian William Burg "cautioned against definitively crowning Sacramento as ground zero for bear claws".[5] By the next year, bear claws were on the breakfast menu at German-owned Hamburger's Los Angeles,[7][better source needed] which was then the largest department store west of Chicago.[citation needed]

The phrase is more common in Western American English,[8] and is included in the U.S. Regional Dialect Survey Results, Question #87, "Do you use the term 'bear claw' for a kind of pastry?"[9]

Ingredients and shape

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Most Danishes include the same basic ingredients such as eggs, yeast, flour, milk, sugar, and butter.[4] The bear claw is also made with "sweet dough" which is "bread dough with more shortening than usual".[10] One of the differences between most Danishes, besides taste, is seen in their shape.[4] A bear claw is usually filled with almond paste,[11] and sometimes raisins, and often shaped in a semicircle with slices along the curved edge, or rectangular with partial slices along one side.[12] As the dough rises, the sections separate, evoking the shape of a bear's toes, hence the name.[13] A bear claw may also be a yeast doughnut in a shape similar to that of the pastry.[13]

Production

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A bear claw can be made by hand or by machine.[14] Bear claw can be hand-made by using a bear claw cutter that was invented in 1950 by James Fennell.[15] A 1948 patent describes the process of assembling the bear claw as rolling out the dough, layering filling onto it, folding the dough over, cutting small incisions to create the claw-like look, and finally cutting the dough into separate pastries.[14] The pastry can be curved into a half-circle at this point, which causes the "toes" to separate.[16]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Rolls; Friday Special Assortment of French Pastries". The Sacramento Star. March 13, 1914. p. 6. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  2. ^ "Young's Market Co.; The New Store". Los Angeles Evening Express. July 2, 1915. p. 20. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  3. ^ "Oatmeal Cookies; Special Every Saturday, Superior Home Bakery". Lincoln News Messenger. January 28, 1916. p. 2. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Roufs, Timothy G.; Kathleen Smyth Roufs (2014). Sweet Treats around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. ABC-CLIO. Retrieved October 16, 2020 – via Gale eBooks.
  5. ^ a b Egel, Benjy (May 2, 2024). "Sacramento invented the bear claw pastry? The internet says so. Here's what we know". The Sacramento Bee. Retrieved June 14, 2026.
  6. ^ "Auction Sale by Order Bankrupt Court: Geibel German Bakery, 915 K Street". The Sacramento Bee. November 23, 1914. p. 8. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  7. ^ "Hamburger's: Children's Day!---Outfit the Boys and Girls!; Baked Goods". Los Angeles Evening Express. April 9, 1915. p. 18. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  8. ^ "Bear claw". Dictionary of American Regional English. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
  9. ^ "Dialect Survey Results". Joshua Katz, Department of Statistics, NC State University. Archived from the original on June 6, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
  10. ^ "Frozen Cakes and Pastries." ID : the Voice of Foodservice Distribution, vol. 29, no. 11, 1993, p. 113.
  11. ^ FrancesC. "Almond Bear Claws". Allrecipes.com. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
  12. ^ Della-Piana, Patricia. J'eat? Playful Cookery. Lulu. p. 356. ISBN 9781300921059.
  13. ^ a b Pastry, Joe. "The Bear Claw". Joe Pastry. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
  14. ^ a b US patent 2434339, Stiles Le Conie, "Production of coffee cakes", issued January 13, 1948 
  15. ^ C, Fennell James. "Bear Claw Cutter." 1950.
  16. ^ Sur La Table; Mushet, Cindy (October 21, 2008). "Bear Claw". The Art and Soul of Baking. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 118. ISBN 9780740773341.