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NGC 1358

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NGC 1358
Image of NGC 1358
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationEridanus
Right ascension03h 33m 39.7s[1]
Declination−05° 05′ 22″[1]
Redshift0.0134
Heliocentric radial velocity4,002 km/s
Distance190 Mly[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)12.78[3]
Apparent magnitude (B)13.20 [3]
Characteristics
TypeSB0ar[1]
Other designations
LEDA 13182, 2MASX J03333970-0505224, IRAS F03311-0515[3]

NGC 1358 is a barred lenticular galaxy with ring features located in the constellation Eridanus, approximately 190 million light-years (58.2 megaparsecs) from Earth. It is classified as a Seyfert 2 galaxy, characterized by its active galactic nucleus (AGN) powered by a supermassive black hole and exhibiting strong X-ray and infrared emissions. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on 1 December 1837 during his observations from the Cape of Good Hope.[4][3][1][5]

Characteristics

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The galaxy is notable for its Compton-thick obscuration, where the central galactic core is heavily veiled by gas and dust with column densities exceeding 1024 atoms/cm². Multi-epoch monitoring with telescopes like NuSTAR and XMM-Newton has revealed variability in its X-ray absorption, linked to AGN feeding and feedback processes.[6][7][8]

Environment

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The galaxy is often imaged alongside NGC 1355.[9]

Research

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Recent observations (as of 2024) using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have provided high-resolution O III and continuum images, enabling detailed studies of the narrow-line region (NLR) and its kinematics. Research published has explored the extents, geometries, and kinematics of the NLR in Seyfert galaxies like NGC 1358, identifying signatures of AGN-driven outflows. High ionization line images from the OASIS spectrograph and follow-up observations with Chandra and NuSTAR have further characterized the nuclear activity and obscuration. The galaxy’s environment, including potential interactions with nearby galaxies like NGC 1355, has been studied to understand its evolutionary context. Analysis of its globular cluster system and outer ring structures suggests a complex formation history.[10][11][12]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "The Sky Live". NGC 1358 - Lenticular Galaxy in Eridanus. Retrieved 2025-04-27.
  2. ^ "By Name | NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
  3. ^ a b c d "In-The-Sky.org". NGC1358 (Galaxy). Retrieved 2025-04-27.
  4. ^ "Simbad - Object view". simbad.cds.unistra.fr. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
  5. ^ "By Name | NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
  6. ^ Allan, Schnorr-Müller; Thaisa, Storchi-Bergmann; M., Nagar, Neil; Andrew, Robinson; Davide, Lena (2017-11-11). "Gas inflows towards the nucleus of NGC 1358". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (4). doi:10.1093/mnra (inactive 1 October 2025). ISSN 0035-8711. Archived from the original on 2024-04-19.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Marchesi, S.; Zhao, X.; Torres-Albà, N.; Ajello, M.; Gaspari, M.; Pizzetti, A.; Buchner, J.; Bertola, E.; Comastri, A.; Feltre, A.; Gilli, R.; Lanzuisi, G.; Matzeu, G.; Pozzi, F.; Salvestrini, F. (2022-08-01). "Compton-thick AGN in the NuSTAR Era. VIII. A joint NuSTAR–XMM-Newton Monitoring of the Changing-look Compton-thick AGN NGC 1358". The Astrophysical Journal. 935 (2): 114. arXiv:2207.06734. Bibcode:2022ApJ...935..114M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac80be. ISSN 0004-637X.
  8. ^ Zhao, X.; Marchesi, S.; Ajello, M.; Marcotulli, L.; Gusumano, G.; Parola, V. La; Vignali, C. (2018-11-14), "Compton-thick AGNs in the NuSTAR Era. II. A Deep NuSTAR and XMM-Newton View of the Candidate Compton-thick AGN in NGC 1358", The Astrophysical Journal, 870 (2): 60, arXiv:1811.06027, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf1a0
  9. ^ "Galaxy Morphology - Ronald J. Buta". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
  10. ^ "NLR-AGN". MAST. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
  11. ^ [1]
  12. ^ Koulouridis, E.; Plionis, M.; Chavushyan, V.; Dultzin, D.; Krongold, Y.; Georgantopoulos, I.; León-Tavares, J. (2013-04-01). "Activity of the Seyfert galaxy neighbours". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 552: A135. arXiv:1111.4084. Bibcode:2013A&A...552A.135K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219606. ISSN 0004-6361.