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Cliff Robertson
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Cliff Robertson | |
|---|---|
 Robertson in the trailer for Picnic (1955) | |
| Born | Clifford Parker Robertson III September 9, 1923 San Diego, California, U.S. |
| Died | September 10, 2011 (aged 88) Stony Brook, New York, U.S. |
Resting place | Cedar Lawn Cemetery, East Hampton, New York, U.S. |
| Education | La Jolla High School |
| Alma mater | Antioch College |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1943–2007 |
Political party | Democratic |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 2 |
Clifford Parker Robertson III (September 9, 1923 – September 10, 2011) was an American actor whose career in film and television spanned over six decades. Robertson portrayed a young John F. Kennedy in the 1963 film PT 109, and won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in the film Charly.[1]
On television, Robertson portrayed retired astronaut Buzz Aldrin in the 1976 TV film adaptation of Aldrin's autobiographic Return to Earth, played a fictional character based on Director of Central Intelligence Richard Helms in the 1977 miniseries Washington: Behind Closed Doors, and portrayed Henry Ford in Ford: The Man and the Machine (1987). His last well-known film appearances were as Uncle Ben in the 2002–2007 Spider-Man film trilogy.
Robertson was an accomplished aviator who served as the founding chairman of the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA)'s Young Eagles Program at its inception in the early 1990s. It became the most successful aviation youth advocacy program in history.
Early life and education
[edit]Robertson was born in La Jolla, California,[2][3] the son of Clifford Parker Robertson Jr. (1902–1968) and his first wife, Audrey Olga Robertson (née Willingham; 1903–1925).[a][5] His Texas-born father was described as "the idle heir to a tidy sum of ranching money".[6] Robertson once said, "[My father] was a very romantic figure – tall, handsome. He married four or five times, and between marriages he'd pop in to see me. He was a great raconteur, and he was always surrounded by sycophants who let him pick up the tab. During the Great Depression, he tapped the trust for $500,000, and six months later he was back for more."[4]
Robertson's parents divorced when he was one, and his mother died of peritonitis a year later in El Paso, Texas, at the age of 21.[2][4][7] He was raised by his maternal grandmother, Mary Eleanor "Eleanora" Willingham (née Sawyer, 1875–1957), in California, and rarely saw his father.[2][4][8] He graduated in 1941 from La Jolla High School, where he was known as "The Walking Phoenix".[9]
He served as a third mate in the U.S. Merchant Marine during World War II,[2][10] before attending Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, and dropping out to work for a short time as a journalist.[11]
Career
[edit]Robertson studied at the Actors Studio, becoming a life member.[12] In the early 1950s he worked steadily in television, including a stint as the lead of Rod Brown of the Rocket Rangers (1953–1954). He appeared in Broadway in Late Love (1953–1954) and The Wisteria Trees (1955), the latter written by Joshua Logan.
Columbia
[edit]Robertson made his film debut in Picnic (1955), directed by Logan. Robertson played the role of William Holden's best friend – a part originated on stage by Paul Newman. Newman was under contract to Warner Bros. when the film was being made and was then considered too big a star to reprise his stage performance. Logan's wife recommended Robertson after seeing him in a revival of The Wisteria Trees, and the director remembered him from a Chicago production of Mister Roberts.[13]
The film was a box office success and Robertson was promoted to Joan Crawford's co-star in Autumn Leaves (1956), also at Columbia Pictures, playing her mentally unstable younger lover. This meant he had to pass up the chance to replace Ben Gazzara on Broadway in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.[14] However he did return to Broadway to appear in Orpheus Descending by Tennessee Williams, which only had a short run.[1]
Robertson went to RKO to make two films: The Naked and the Dead (1958), an adaptation of the famous novel, co-starring Aldo Ray; and The Girl Most Likely (1958), a musical – the last film made by RKO Studios. Robertson received superb reviews for Days of Wine and Roses on TV with Piper Laurie.
He was in Columbia's Gidget (1959), appearing opposite Sandra Dee as the Big Kahuna. It was popular and led to two sequels, neither of which Robertson appeared in. Less successful was a war film at Columbia, Battle of the Coral Sea (1959).
In 1961, he was the third lead in Paramount's All in a Night's Work, starred in Samuel Fuller's Underworld U.S.A. at Columbia, and supported Esther Williams in The Big Show. He had his first film hit since Gidget with Columbia's The Interns (1962) which was a big hit.[1] After supporting Debbie Reynolds in My Six Loves (1963), Robertson was President John F. Kennedy's personal choice to play him in 1963's PT 109.[15] The film was not a success at the box office.
More popular was Sunday in New York (1963), where Robertson supported Rod Taylor and Jane Fonda, and The Best Man where he was a ruthless presidential candidate. Filmink said the film "reminded everyone what a good actor he could be."[1] Robertson appeared in a popular war film 633 Squadron (1964) then supported Lana Turner in a melodrama, Love Has Many Faces (1965). In 1965 he said his contract with Columbia was for one film a year.[16]
Charly
[edit]In 1961, Robertson played the lead role in a United States Steel Hour television production titled "The Two Worlds of Charlie Gordon", based on the novel Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes.[17] Frustrated at the progress of his career, Robertson optioned the rights to the teleplay and hired William Goldman to write a script. Before Goldman completed his work, Robertson arranged for Goldman to be hired to Americanize the dialogue for Masquerade (1965), a spy spoof which Robertson starred in, replacing Rex Harrison.
Robertson then made a war film, Up from the Beach (1965) for Fox and guest-starred on that studio's TV show, Batman (1966). He co-starred with Harrison in The Honey Pot (1967) for Joseph L. Mankiewicz then appeared in another war film, The Devil's Brigade (1968) with William Holden.
Robertson disliked Goldman's Algernon script and replaced the writer with Stirling Silliphant for what became Charly (1968). The film was another box office success and Robertson won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of a mentally challenged man. The movie was also a financial success.[18]
Stardom
[edit]Charly was made by ABC Pictures, which insisted that Robert Aldrich use Robertson in Too Late the Hero (1970), a war film with Michael Caine that was a disappointment at the box office.[18] Robertson turned down roles in The Anderson Tapes, Straw Dogs (before Peckinpah was involved), and Dirty Harry.[19] Instead Robertson co-wrote, starred in, and directed J. W. Coop (1972), another commercial disappointment despite excellent reviews.
Looking back on his career, Robertson said: "nobody made more mediocre movies than I did. Nobody ever did such a wide variety of mediocrity".[19]
In 1969, immediately after winning the Academy Award for Charly, Robertson, a lifelong aviation enthusiast, attempted to produce and direct an aviation film, I Shot Down the Red Baron, I Think, featuring World War I aerial combat, using Lynn Garrison's Irish aviation facility. The comedic storyline portrayed the Red Baron as gay. The aircraft featured garish paint schemes. The film was never completed or released.
Robertson played Cole Younger in The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid (1972) and a pilot in Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies (1973). He appeared in the 1974 thriller Man on a Swing and the 1975 British drama Out of Season.
Later career
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Robertson returned to supporting parts in Three Days of the Condor (1975), which was a big hit. He played the lead in Obsession (1976), a popular thriller from Brian De Palma and Paul Schrader, and in the Canadian drama Shoot (1976). He was also one of several stars in Midway (1976).
Robertson turned to television for Washington: Behind Closed Doors (1977), then had the lead in a thriller, Dominique (1978). He returned to directing for The Pilot (1980), also playing the title role, an alcoholic flyer. Robertson played Hugh Hefner in Star 80 (1983). He attempted to make Charly II in 1980 but it did not happen.[20]
From the 1980s and 1990s onwards, Robertson was predominantly a character actor. He played villains in Class (1983) and Brainstorm (1983). He did have the lead in Shaker Run (1985) in New Zealand, and Dreams of Gold: The Mel Fisher Story (1986) on TV.
In addition, he served as the company spokesperson for AT&T from 1983 to 1992 and appeared in various commercials for their long-distance service and consumer telephones.[21]
He was a villain in Malone (1987), did Dead Reckoning (1990) on TV and supported in Wild Hearts Can't Be Broken (1991), Wind (1991), Renaissance Man (1994) and John Carpenter's Escape from L.A. (1996).
Late in his life, Robertson's career had a resurgence. He appeared as Uncle Ben Parker in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man (2002), as well as in the sequels Spider-Man 2 (2004) and Spider-Man 3 (2007; his last acting role). He commented on his website: "Since Spider-Man 1 and 2, I seem to have a whole new generation of fans. That in itself is a fine residual."[22] He also starred in and wrote 13th Child (2002) and appeared in Riding the Bullet (2004), both horror films.
In 1989, he was a member of the jury at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival.[23]
Television
[edit]
Robertson's early television appearances included a starring role in the live space opera Rod Brown of the Rocket Rangers (1953–1954), as well as recurring roles on Hallmark Hall of Fame (1952), Alcoa Theatre (1959), and Playhouse 90 (1958, 1960), Outlaws (three episodes). Robertson also appeared as a special guest star on Wagon Train for one episode, portraying an Irish immigrant.
In 1958, Robertson portrayed Joe Clay in the first broadcast of Playhouse 90's Days of Wine and Roses. In 1960, he was cast as Martinus Van Der Brig, a con man, in the episode "End of a Dream" of Riverboat.
Other appearances included: "Wagon Train" (1958), The Twilight Zone episodes "A Hundred Yards Over the Rim" (1961) and "The Dummy" (1962), followed by The Eleventh Hour in the 1963 episode "The Man Who Came Home Late". He guest-starred on such television series as The Greatest Show on Earth, Breaking Point and ABC Stage 67. He had starring roles in episodes of both the 1960s and 1990s versions of The Outer Limits, including "The Galaxy Being", the first episode of the original series. He was awarded an Emmy for his leading role in a 1965 episode, "The Game" of Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre. He appeared as a villain on five episodes of ABC's Batman series as the gunfighter "Shame" (1966 and 1968), the second time with his wife, Dina Merrill, as "Calamity Jan".
In 1976, he portrayed a retired Buzz Aldrin in an adaptation of Aldrin's autobiography Return to Earth. The next year, he portrayed a fictional Director of Central Intelligence (based on Richard Helms) in Washington: Behind Closed Doors, an adaptation of John Ehrlichman's roman à clef The Company, in turn based on the Watergate scandal. In 1987, he portrayed Henry Ford in Ford: The Man and The Machine. From 1983 to 1984, he played Dr. Michael Ranson in Falcon Crest.
Columbia Pictures embezzlement scandal
[edit]In 1977, Robertson discovered that his signature had been forged on a $10,000 check payable to him, although it was for work he had not performed. He also learned that the forgery had been carried out by then-Columbia Pictures head David Begelman. On reporting it, Robertson inadvertently triggered one of the biggest Hollywood scandals of the 1970s.[24] Begelman was charged with embezzlement, convicted, and later fired from Columbia. Despite pressure to remain quiet, Robertson and his wife Dina Merrill spoke to the press. As a result of coming forward with the scandal, the studio blacklisted him and refused to make another film with him in it until 2002's Spider-Man.[25]
He finally returned to studio film five years later, starring in Brainstorm (1983).[11][26] The story of the scandal is told in David McClintick's 1982 bestseller, Indecent Exposure.
Personal life
[edit]In 1957, Robertson married actress Cynthia Stone, the former wife of actor Jack Lemmon. They had a daughter, Stephanie, before divorcing in 1959; he also had a stepson, Chris Lemmon, by this marriage. In 1966, he married actress and Post Cereals heiress Dina Merrill, the former wife of Stanley M. Rumbough Jr.; they had a daughter, Heather (1968–2007), before divorcing.[2] He resided in Water Mill, New York.[27]
Robertson was a Democrat and supported Arizona congressman Morris K. Udall during the 1976 Democratic presidential primaries.[28]
Aviation
[edit]A certified private pilot, one of Robertson's main hobbies was flying and, among other aircraft, he owned several de Havilland Tiger Moths, a Messerschmitt Bf 108, and a genuine World War II–era Mk. IX Supermarine Spitfire (MK923).[29][30] His first plane flight was in a Lockheed Model 9 Orion. As a 13-year-old, he cleaned hangars for airplane rides. He met Paul Mantz, Art Scholl, and Charles Lindbergh while flying at local California airports.[31] His piloting skills helped him get the part as the Wing Commander in the British war film 633 Squadron. He entered balloon races, including one in 1964 from the mainland to Catalina Island that ended with him being rescued from the Pacific Ocean. He was also a glider pilot and owned a Grob Astir.[32]
In 1969, during the civil war conflict in Nigeria, Robertson helped organize an effort to fly food and medical supplies into the area. He also organized flights of supplies to the ravaged country of Ethiopia when it experienced famine in 1978.[29]
Robertson was flying a private Beechcraft Baron over New York City on the morning of September 11, 2001, two days after his 78th birthday. He was directly above the World Trade Center, climbing through 7,500 feet when the first Boeing 767 struck. He was instructed by air traffic control to land immediately at the nearest airport after a nationwide order to ground all civilian and commercial aircraft following the attacks.[33]
Young Eagles
[edit]He was a longtime member of the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA), working his way through the ranks in prominence and eventually co-founding the Young Eagles Program with EAA president Tom Poberezny. Robertson chaired the program from its 1992 inception to 1994 (succeeded by former test pilot Chuck Yeager). Along with educating youth about aviation, the initial goal of the Young Eagles was to fly one million children (many of them never having flown before) prior to the 100th Anniversary of Flight celebration on December 17, 2003. That goal was achieved on November 13, 2003. On July 28, 2016, the two millionth Young Eagle was flown by actor Harrison Ford.[34] Within the EAA, he also founded the Cliff Robertson Work Experience in 1993, which offers youths the chance to work for flight and ground school instruction.[35]
Death
[edit]On September 10, 2011, one day after his 88th birthday, Robertson died of natural causes in Stony Brook, New York.[36][37] A private funeral was held at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in East Hampton, New York, and his remains were interred at the Cedar Lawn Cemetery.
Filmography
[edit]Film
[edit]Television
[edit]| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | Lux Video Theatre | Fireman #2 | Episode: "The Token" |
| 1951 | The Philco Television Playhouse | Guest | Episode: "A Secret Island" |
| 1951–55 | Armstrong Circle Theatre | Various | 4 episodes |
| 1952 | Hallmark Hall of Fame | Guest | Episode: "The Bride's Teapot" |
| The Campbell Playhouse | Guest | Episode: "Forty Odd" | |
| Hallmark Hall of Fame | Guest | Episode: "Faith Is a Nine-Letter Word" | |
| Short Short Dramas | Guest | Episode: "A Portrait of General Garrity" | |
| Hallmark Hall of Fame | Guest | Episode: "Ten Thousand Words" | |
| 1952–54 | Robert Montgomery Presents | Various | 10 episodes |
| 1953–54 | Rod Brown of the Rocket Rangers | Rod Brown | 59 episodes |
| 1954 | Modern Romances | Guest | Episode: "Grandma for an Hour, Part 1" |
| 1956–61 | The United States Steel Hour | Various | 4 episodes |
| 1956 | Celebrity Playhouse | Jed Warron | Episode: "They Fire by Night" |
| 1957 | Kraft Theatre | Various | 2 episodes |
| 11th Tony Awards | Self | Presenter | |
| 1958 | Wagon Train | Liam Fitzmorgan | Episode: "The Liam Fitzmorgan Story" |
| Playhouse 90 |
|
Episodes:
| |
| 1959 | Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse | Johnny Garth | Episode: "The Hard Road" |
| Alcoa Theatre |
|
Episodes:
| |
| The Untouchables | Frank Holloway | Episode: "The Underground Railway" | |
| 1960 | Playhouse 90 | Lieutenant Carvet | Episode: "The Cruel Day" |
| Riverboat | Martinus Van Der Brig | Episode: "End of a Dream" | |
| 1960–62 | Outlaws | Various | 3 episodes |
| 1961 | General Electric Theater | Pegosi | Episode: "The Small Elephants" |
| The Dick Powell Theatre | Danny Langdon | Episode: "The Geetas Box" | |
| The Twilight Zone | Christian Horn Sr. | Episode: "A Hundred Yards Over the Rim" | |
| 1962 | Bus Stop | Charlie Vansinger | Episode: "How Does Charlie Feel?" |
| Golden Showcase | Rims O'Neil | Episode: "Saturday's Children" | |
| Ben Casey | Eddie Smith | Episode: "For the Ladybug....One Dozen Roses" | |
| Alcoa Premiere | Hoby Dunlap | Episode: "Second Chance" | |
| The Twilight Zone | Jerry Etherson | Episode: "The Dummy" | |
| 1963 | 20th Golden Globes | Self | Presenter |
| The Eleventh Hour | Jeff Dillon | Episode: "The Man Who Came Home Late" | |
| The Outer Limits | Alan Maxwell | Episode: "The Galaxy Being" | |
| I've Got a Secret | Self | Episode: "Cliff Robertson" | |
| The Greatest Show on Earth | Willie Simple | Episode: "The Circus Never Came to Town" | |
| 1963–67 | Password | Self | 11 episodes |
| 1963–73 | The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson | 12 episodes | |
| 1964–65 | People Will Talk | Self | 3 episodes Also known as The Celebrity Game |
| 1964 | Breaking Point | Evan Ross | Episode: "So Many Pretty Girls, So Little Time" |
| Suspense | Guest | Episode: "Protection" | |
| 1964–67 | Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre | Various | 4 episodes |
| 1965 | The Les Crane Show | Self | Episode: "#1.63" |
| That Regis Philbin Show | Episode: "#1.88" | ||
| Grand écran (Big screen) | Episode: "Compartiment Tueurs, Le Jour d'après" | ||
| To Tell the Truth | 10 episodes | ||
| The Price Is Right | Episode: "August 10, 1965" | ||
| 1965–68 | The Match Game | 33 episodes | |
| 1966 | House Party | Episode: "August 10, 1966" | |
| Batman | Shame | Episodes:
| |
| 1967 | I've Got a Secret | Self | Episode: "Cliff Robertson" |
| The Red Skelton Hour | Self Arthur Artbuff |
Episode: "A Bum for All Seasons" | |
| ABC Stage 67 | Ben Weldon | Episode: "The Trap of Solid Gold" | |
| 1967–68 | Hollywood Squares | Self | 10 episodes |
| Personality | 6 episodes | ||
| Snap Judgment | 10 episodes | ||
| 1968 | The Sunshine Patriot |
|
Made-for-TV movie directed by Joseph Sargent |
| Batman | Shame | Episodes:
| |
| 1968–69 | Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In | Guest | 2 episodes |
| 1969 | Bracken's World | Guest | Episode: "Stop Date" |
| 1970 | 42nd Academy Awards | Self | Presenter |
| 1973 | The Man Without a Country | Philip Nolan | Made-for-TV movie directed by Delbert Mann |
| 1974 | Lincoln: Trial by Fire | Narrator | Made-for-TV movie directed by Ed Spiegel |
| A Tree Grows in Brooklyn | Johnny Nolan | Made-for-TV movie directed by Joseph Hardy Based on the 1943 novel of the same name by Betty Smith[57] | |
| American Heritage | Narrator | Episode: "The Yanks Are Coming" | |
| 1975 | My Father's House | Tom Lindholm Jr. | Made-for-TV movie directed by Alex Segal |
| 1976 | Return to Earth | Buzz Aldrin | Made-for-TV movie directed by Jud Taylor |
| 1977 | Washington: Behind Closed Doors | William Martin | Miniseries directed by Gary Nelson Based on the novel The Company by John Ehrlichman[58] |
| 1978 | Overboard | Mitch Garrison | Made-for-TV movie directed by John Newland |
| 1982 | Two of a Kind | Frank Minor | Made-for-TV-movie directed by Roger Young |
| 1983–84 | Falcon Crest | Dr. Michael Ranson | Season 3; 28 episodes |
| 1985 | The Key to Rebecca | Major William Vandam | Made-for-TV movie directed by David Hemmings[59] |
| 1986 | Dreams of Gold: The Mel Fisher Story | Mel Fisher | Made-for-TV movie directed by James Goldstone |
| 1987 | Ford: The Man and the Machine | Henry Ford | Made-for-TV movie directed by Allan Eastman[60] Based on the biographical book about Ford by Robert Lacey[61] |
| 1990 | Dead Reckoning | Daniel Barnard[1] | Made-for-TV movie directed by Robert Michael Lewis |
| 1992 | Lincoln | Noah Brooks (voice) | Made-for-TV movie directed by James A. Edgar and Peter W. Kunhardt |
| 1994 | The American Revolution | George Washington (voice) | Miniseries directed by Lisa Bourgoujian |
| 1995 | Biography | Narrator | Episode: "P.T. Barnum: America's Greatest Showman" |
| Dazzle | Mike Kilkullen | Made-for-TV movie directed by Richard A. Colla | |
| 1998 | Assignment Berlin | Cliff Garret | Made-for-TV movie directed by Tony Randel |
| 1999 | The Outer Limits | Theodore Harris | Episode: "Joyride" |
| 2003 | The Lyon's Den | Hal Malloy | 4 episodes |
Awards
[edit]Robertson was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2006. He received the Rebecca Rice Alumni Award from Antioch College in 2007. In addition to his Oscar and Emmy and several lifetime achievement awards from various film festivals,[62] Robertson has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6801 Hollywood Blvd. He was also awarded the 2008 Ambassador of Good Will Aviation Award by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Bar Association in Alexandria, Virginia, for his leadership in and promotion of general aviation. In 2009, Robertson was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum,[63][64][65] and was part of the Living Legends of Aviation.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Several obituaries have stated that Robertson was adopted by his parents. However, the California Birth Index of 1905–1995 states that Clifford P. Robertson was born to a mother whose maiden name was Willingham, in Los Angeles County, California, on September 9, 1923. He was adopted by his maternal grandmother upon his mother's death.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Vagg, Stephen (March 1, 2026). "Not Quite Movie Stars: Cliff Robertson". Filmink. FKP International Exports. Retrieved March 1, 2026.
- ^ a b c d e Keepnews, Peter (September 11, 2011). "Cliff Robertson, Oscar-Winning Rebel, Dies at 88". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 11, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ California Births, 1905–1995 Archived November 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Familytreelegends.com
- ^ a b c d Green, Michelle (December 5, 1983). "Cliff Robertson profile at". People. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^ Mother's birth and death information per records accessed on ancestry.com on September 12, 2011
- ^ Father's birthplace accessed on ancestry.com on September 12, 2011
- ^ Mother's death information per records accessed on ancestry.com on September 12, 2011
- ^ Grandmother's name and dates accessed on ancestry.com on September 12, 2011
- ^ "Cliff Robertson/Hollywood Walk of Fame". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on December 1, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ The National Museum of the Pacific War: Center for Pacific War Studies - Interview with Mr. Cliff Robertson. December 7, 2001. Archived April 17, 2021, at the Wayback Machine National Museum of the Pacific War. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
- ^ a b Cliff Robertson biodata Archived May 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, yahoo.com; accessed April 26, 2015.
- ^ Garfield, David (1980). "Appendix: Life Members of The Actors Studio as of January 1980". A Player's Place: The Story of The Actors Studio. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. p. 278. ISBN 0-02-542650-8.
- ^ Logan, Joshua (1978). Movie stars, real people and me. Bantam Doubleday Dell. pp. 7–8. ISBN 9780440062585.
- ^ Schallert, E. (August 18, 1955). "Cliff Robertson wins plum Crawford lead; Lance Fuller starred". Los Angeles Times. ProQuest 166816412.
- ^ Hoberman, J. (August 26, 2003). "Lights, Camera, Exploitation". Village Voice. Archived from the original on June 30, 2008. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^ Hopper, H. (August 8, 1965). "Cliff Robertson: Career that's flying high". Los Angeles Times. ProQuest 155264948.
- ^ "U.S. Steel Hour: "The Two Worlds of Charlie Gordon" (2/22/1961)". YouTube. April 18, 2018. Archived from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
- ^ a b Vagg, Stephen (April 7, 2026). "Forgotten Film Moguls: Martin Baum at ABC Pictures, Selig Seligman at Selmur and Edgar Scherick at Palomar". Filmink. Retrieved April 7, 2026.
- ^ a b A. H. (July 16, 1972). "Cliff Robertson flies the 'coop' to glory". The New York Times. ProQuest 119540258.
- ^ Bruce McCabe, G. S. (September 8, 1980). "Cliff Robertson Bringing Charly Back to South Boston". The Boston Globe. ProQuest 293973554.
- ^ Horovitz, Bruce (April 19, 1993). "AT&T Appears Eager to Call Up a New Image". The Los Angeles Times. p. 56.
- ^ "Cliff Robertson's Career Achievements" Archived October 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 14, 2007.
- ^ "Berlinale: 1989 Juries". berlinale.de. Archived from the original on February 15, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
- ^ "Cliff Robertson". The Telegraph. London. September 11, 2011. Archived from the original on May 26, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
- ^ Lee, G. (March 28, 1980). "The Lonely Ordeal of Cliff Robertson". Los Angeles Times. ProQuest 162762482.
- ^ McClintick, David. Indecent Exposure: A True Story of Hollywood and Wall Street, William Morrow and Company, 1982.
- ^ "Career Achievements". Official Website of Cliff Robertson. Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
- ^ "Cliff Robertson obituary: Oscar-winning actor". Los Angeles Times. September 10, 2011. Archived from the original on May 22, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ a b Hall, Bob. Southeastern Antiquing and Collecting Magazine. Cliff Robertson Collects Vintage AircraftArticle on Robertson's private aviation collection Archived December 10, 2004, at the Wayback Machine. 2004.
- ^ First Cross-Country Soaring or (You Ain't John Wayne – Robertson) Archived November 16, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Gene Smith (December 1987). "Real Airport Kids Never Grow Up". Air Progress.
- ^ "National Aviation Hall of Fame article on Cliff Robertson". Archived from the original on June 18, 2007. Retrieved September 26, 2006.
- ^ Official Cliff Robertson site Archived October 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Harrison Ford Flies 2 Millionth Young Eagle". Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
- ^ "Cliff Robertson Work Experience". Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
- ^ "Cliff Robertson, who played JFK in 'PT-109', dies". Yahoo! News. September 11, 2011. Archived from the original on December 17, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^ "US film actor Cliff Robertson dies aged 88". BBC. September 11, 2011. Archived from the original on September 11, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ Mailer, Norman (2000) [1948]. The Naked and the Dead (Paperback) (50th ed.). New York City: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0312265052.
- ^ Schwartz, Ronald (2005). Neo-noir: The New Film Noir Style from Psycho to Collateral. Essex, Connecticut: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8108-5676-9.
- ^ "Max and Mary; I'LL NEVER GO THERE ANY MORE. By Jerome Weidman. 422 pp. New York: Simon & Schuster. $2.50". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. October 19, 1941. p. Section B, 24. ISSN 0362-4331. OCLC 1645522. Retrieved May 18, 2026 – via TimesMachine.
- ^ Donovan, Robert J. (2002) [1961]. John F. Kennedy in World War II (Paperback). Columbus, Ohio: McGraw Hill Education. ISBN 978-0071408684.
- ^ "Sunday in New York". Playbill. TotalTheater. November 29, 1961. Retrieved May 17, 2026.
- ^ "The Best Man". Playbill. TotalTheater. March 31, 1960. Retrieved May 17, 2026.
- ^ Smith, Frederick E. (2004) [1956]. 633 Squadron (Paperback). Miami, Florida: Cassell. ISBN 978-0304366217.
- ^ Canning, Victor (2013) [1954]. Castle Minerva (Paperback). London: Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-1447243267.
- ^ Barr, George (1958). Epitaph for an Enemy (Paperback). London: Hutchinson Heinemann.
- ^ Adleman, Robert H.; Walton, George (2004) [1966]. The Devil's Brigade (Paperback). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1591140047.
- ^ Keyes, Daniel (1975) [1966]. Flowers for Algernon (Paperback). New York City: Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0553124989.
- ^ Harmetz, Aljean (July 16, 1972). "Cliff Robertson Flies the 'Coop' to Glory". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. p. Section D, 9. ISSN 0362-4331. OCLC 1645522. ProQuest 119540258. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
- ^ Canby, Vincent (May 21, 1972). "J.W.—A Winner About a Loser". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. p. Section D, 1. ISSN 0362-4331. OCLC 1645522. Retrieved May 20, 2026.
- ^ Grady, James (1974). Six Days of the Condor (Hardcover). New York City: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393086925. OCLC 797885.
- ^ Fairbairn, Douglas (1973). Shoot (Paperback). New York City: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0330247894.
- ^ Smith 2018, p. 86.
- ^ Wingate, William (1980). Shotgun. New York City: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312722289.
- ^ Carver, Sonora Webster (2011) [1961]. A Girl and Five Brave Horses (Paperback). Eastford, Connecticut: Martino Fine Books. ISBN 978-1891396724.
- ^ King, Steven (2000). Riding the Bullet (eBook). New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0743204675.
- ^ Smith, Betty (2005) [1943]. A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (Paperback) (75th ed.). New York City: Harper Perennial Modern Classics. ISBN 978-0060736262.
- ^ Ehrlichman, John (1976). he Company (Hardcover). New York City: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0671222734.
- ^ Corry, John (April 29, 1985). "Cliff Robertson in 'The Key To Rebecca', a two-part movie". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. p. Section C, 16. ISSN 0362-4331. OCLC 1645522. Retrieved May 20, 2026.
- ^ O'Connor, John J. (April 29, 1987). "TV REVIEW; CLIFF ROBERTSON PORTRAYS HENRY FORD". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. p. Section C, 26. ISSN 0362-4331. OCLC 1645522. Archived from the original on October 5, 2024. Retrieved May 20, 2026.
- ^ Lacey, Robert (1986). Ford: The Man and the Machine (Hardcover). Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0316511667.
- ^ "Award Winners". August 28, 2010. Archived from the original on August 28, 2010. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
- ^ Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor. These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006. ISBN 978-1-57864-397-4.
- ^ Bergqvist, Pia (September 13, 2011). "Legendary Actor and Aviator Cliff Robertson Dies at 88". FLYING Magazine. Retrieved January 14, 2025.
- ^ "Cliff Robertson's La Jolla roots went deep". San Diego Union-Tribune. September 15, 2011. Retrieved January 14, 2025.
Sources
[edit]- Smith, Gary A. (2018) [2000]. Uneasy Dreams: The Golden Age of British Horror Films, 1956-1976. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-7864-0604-3.
External links
[edit]
- Cliff Robertson at IMDb
- Cliff Robertson at the Internet Broadway Database
- Cliff Robertson at the TCM Movie Database (archived)
- Interview in the Archive of American Television
- Warbird Registry entry on MK923
- "Cliff Robertson, 1923–2011: Actor, Writer, Producer and Director", a Special English presentation of Voice of America
- Biography in the National Aviation Hall of Fame
